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Influence Of Teaching Phonology On Spoken English Of Secondary School Students
[A CASE STUDY OF ILORIN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KWARA STATE]
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CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, some learned authorities; especially those centering on language and the related field were appraised. The related literature reviewed included:
i. The concept of language, functions of language and language skills.
ii. English Vowel Phonemes.
iii. English Consonant phonemes.
iv. Stress in English language.
v. Intonation of English language.
vi. Language Competence and Performance.
vii. Appraisal of literature reviewed.
The Concept of Language
According to the Oxford Advanced Learners English Dictionary, language is the system of communication in speech and writing that is used by people of a particular country.
Sapir (1991), defines language as purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideals, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols. The key words in Sapir’s definition are:
Language is purely human: This means that language is a peculiar behavior of human beings. Other animal (beasts) and birds only produced sounds. This sound according to Oyeyemi (2011), is also stereotyped.
Language is non-instinctive method of communication: This entails that language is not in-born. Human being acquire (Mother Tongue) or learn (Foreign Language) it. For instance, a baby cannot speak its Mother-Tongue unless it listens to the people around it in order to acquire it.
Chomsky (1967), considers languages as a set of finite or infinite sentences, each finite in length and constructed out of a finiter set of elements. Chomsky here, emphasizes grammatical rules, that is, language is guided by a set of rules which aids inter communication.
Language according to Block and Trager (1992), is a system or vocal symbols by means of which social groups co-operate. This definition lays emphasis on the social functions and the communicative role of language as well as on the importance of sounds in human language activity.
Henry Sweet (1996), defines language as an expression of ideas by which means speech sounds are combined into sentences. Sweet’s definition like Block and Trager’s lays emphasis on the idea of sounds as language. It is the sequence formed by the combination of these sounds that eventually forms words and later, a medium of communication.
The above definitions introduce the characteristics of language. Firstly, all linguists share the view that language is deliberately designed by man for the purpose of communication.
Secondly, the primary medium of human language is sounds: meaningful sounds; arbitrarily created but conventional in the sense that it is accepted by a given speech community. These sounds produce similar stimuli and responses.
Thirdly, language is conventional and arbitrary. Language displays arbitrariness of the relationship between content and devices of expressing the meaning of words and other relative fixities are not dictated by requirement of natural order but by convention.
Also, language is used in the community: language is a system of interlocking sounds displaying a hierarchical organization and organization of meaningful units in language such the elements operate in the larger unit as in the case of the diagram below:
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThis project explores the influence of teaching phonology on spoken English of secondary school students in Ilorin East Local Government Area, Kwara State. To ascertain this, the project takes a look at the concept of language, functions of language as well as language skills. English phonemes; vowel and consonant sounds are also examined. Based on the foregoing, thus, efforts are directed at analysing the data collected with the research methodology used in obtaining the data. Therefore ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIX UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN ILORIN, NIGERIA. RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE ON INFLUENCE OF TEACHING PHONOLOGY ON SPOKEN ENGLISH OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS Dear Respondent, This questionnaire is designed to assist in measuring the influence of teaching phonology on spoke English of secondary school students. Your response will be highly appreciated. Thanks for your anticipated co-operation.Yours faithfully, SECTION A (PERSONAL DATA)Instruction: fill in the blanks. Sex: ------------------------------ ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable 1: Percentage distribution of the respondents’ view on the significant relationship between teaching of phonology and the academic performance of the senior secondary school students. Table 2: Percentage distribution of the respondents’ view on the significant relationship between teachers’ qualifications and effective teaching of phonology in the senior secondary schools. Table 3: Percentage distribution of the respondents†... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle page Certification Dedication Acknowledgments Table of contents List of Tables Abstract CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTIONBackground to the Study Statement of the Problems Purpose of the Study Research Questions Scope of the Study Operational Definitions of Terms Significance of the Study CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREThe Concept of Language, Functions of Language and Language Skills English Vowel Phonemes English Consonant Phoneme ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]It is in the light of the above argument that this study set out to ascertain the validity or otherwise of the claims. It is entitled ‘Influence of Teaching Phonology on Spoken English of Secondary School. Students in Ilorin East L.G.A. Kwara State’.Purpose of the Study The aim of this research was to examine how the teaching of phonology in the secondary schools has benefited the students by sharpening their skills in spoken English. Specifically, the study is to: i. ex ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGYResearch Type This research is aimed at correlating two variables viz: the teaching of phonology and the spoken English of senior secondary school students. The two variables are intended to extract the relationship between teaching phonology and the spoken English of senior secondary school students. It is also designed to highlight the problems associated with the teaching of phonology in senior secondary schools. Population, Sample and Sampling Techniqu ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Research Question 3: Is there any significant relationship between the teaching of phonology and the spoken English of the senior secondary school students?Table 3 above shows at a glance, the significant relationship between the teaching of phonology and the spoken English of students in the senior secondary schools in Ilorin East L.G.A, Kwara State. 58.3% of the respondents agreed that knowledge of phonology was capable of facilitating the use of English among the senior secondary schoo ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]d. Again, adequate measures should be taken to ensure regular inspection of schools and by extension English language teaching. This will go long way to facilitate teaching of phonology at schools. e. Government at all levels should make adequate provision of language teaching facilities to schools while language teachers should be made to utilize them effectively in the teaching of phonology.f. Bodies with a stake in teaching English should as a matter of professionalism spons ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCES Akande, G.B. (2002). Studies in Speech Work/Oral English. Osogbo: Prominent Prints.Alabi, T.A. (2009). “Developing Effective Speaking Skill in Englishâ€. In Alabi, V.A. and Babatunde,S.T. (Eds) (2009). The Use of English in Higher Education. (pp. 25-42). Ilorin: University Press.Alabi, T.A. (2012). Phonology of English. An Unpublished Lecture note, Department of English, University of Ilorin.Animasaun, K. and Ibileye, G. (2000). Distinction in English Language and Communica ... Continue reading---
