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A Contrastive Analysis Of Conjugation Of English And Igbo Verbs
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Chapter Four Introduction
This chapter presents the analysis of the findings as regards the word-formational contrasts and similarities between the English and the Igbo languages. To present a clear analysis, the researcher rephrased the research questions after subsectional captions: each subsection or topic will present similarities and differences to determine interlingual stumbling block threatening the learning of the structure of the target language.
4.2 Research Question one
What are the verb formation processes in English language?
The processes of verb formation includes
1. Affixation
2. Derivation
3. Transformation etc.
So the verb formation processes identified here are derived by certain morphological processes determined by derivation and inflection.
Derivation Processes Some verbs are formed through derivation and are conjugated here to reflect verb paradigms as determined by inflection. Examples are:
Affix: en_ Derived: enrich.
Inflections: enrich, enriches, enriching, enriched.
Examples:
1. Politicians enrich themselves in the office. (simple present)
2. Whoever enriches himself in the office is corrupt. (indefinite present)
3. Paul got to office with a view to enriching himself. (Present progressive)
4. Politicians who enriched themselves are liable to prosecution by EFCC (past-tense)
5. The Governor resigned his appointment because he felt he has enriched himself enough. (present perfect).
6. These Civil servants are enriching themselves to the detriment of the poor masses. (present progressive)
Other word classes and suffix in order to derive a verb e.g. Suffix: _ify
Noun: terror Derived: terrify
Infections: terrify, terrifying, terrifies, terrified.
1. Tigers terrify farmers in the bush. (indefinite present)
2. Tigers are terrifying farmers in the bush. (present progressive)
3. Tiger terrified many farmers in the bush. (past tense)
4. Tigers have terrified many farmers. (present tense)
5. Tigers have been terrifying farmers in the bush. (present perfect progressive)
Prefix: en- Adjective: dear Derived: endear
Inflections: endear, endears, endearing, endeared.
1. Girls endear themselves to their parents through obedience. (Indefinite present
2. My mum endeared herself to our father through her culinary skill. (past tense0
3. Our teacher has endeared himself to the students through quality teaching. (present perfect)
4. These prostitutes are endearing themselves to their clients (present progressive)
5. These kids have been endearing themselves to their parents (present perfect progressive)
Suffix: ize
Noun = modern
Derivation: modernize
Inflection: modernize, modernizes, modernizing, modernized.
1. Technology modernizes farming. (indefinite present)
2. Technology has modernized farming. (present perfect)
3. Technology is modernizing farming (present progressive)
4. Technology has been modernizing farming (present perfect progressive)
5. The UBE scheme modernized education in Nigeria. (past tense)
6. Most Governors modernize the civil service in their state. (indefinite present).
However, inflection determines conjugation, while derivation forms verbs from other word-classes.
(a) Forming verbs from noun
Base Conjugation
Noun Verb
Nation Nationalize
Pressure Pressurize
Economy Economize Education Educationalize Natural Naturalize
(b) Verbs Formed by suffixing “fy†to the noun
Base Conjugation
Noun Verbs
Terror Terrify
Electric Electrify
Notice Notify
Person Personify
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]AbstractThe purpose of this study is to ascertain how verbs are formed in the two Languages. In-contact, namely; English and Languages were extensively compared and contrasted. Verb formation processes create teaching and learning problems for second Language Learners and this may be attributed to various factors. According to Anyadiegwu “a language learner may have the intralingual or interlingual problems in learning a second language and this could lead to errorsâ€. In this study t ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Appendix I Department of English Language and Literature, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Anambra State. 20th Sept., 2009.Dear Respondent,I am ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX B - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Appendix IISubjective Questionnaire1. List/Mention at least five verb formation processes in English language know to you.2. List/mention at least five verb formation processes in Igbo language you know3. What are the similarities between the English and the Igbo verb formation processes.4. What are the differences between the English and the Igbo verb formation processes.5. Is the contrastive analysis of English and Igbo verbs a good method of imparting c ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle page Approval page Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of content CHAPTER ONE1.1 Introduction/Background of the Study 1.2 Significance of the Study 1.3 The purpose of the Study 1.4 Research Questions 1.5 Research Hypothesis 1.6 Definition of Terms 1.7 Basic Assumptions 1.8 The Scope of the Study 1.9 Research Method and Procedure 1.10 ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Chapter One1.0 Introduction/Background of the StudyThe importance of language in human society has attracted great scholarly attention. Various studies have been carried out with a view to determining the structure of language. Language is dynamic, this dynamic nature calls for constant and persistent research on the nature of every human language, especially the development processes involved in particular language.However, there are many ramifications in these changes in langua ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]For instance, an inflectional process here deals with forms of verbs: regular (weak) verb and irregular (strong) verb. There are forms of new verb formed from verb, what Tomori called morpheme transformation or ablaut, thus we have these verbs change their vowel sounds. Examples,The Igbo do not add inflection like the English language, but Igbo verb formation process involves several affixations that does not exist in English language. Verb ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Errors, according to Dulay; Burt and Krashen in Obi-Okoye (2008), are, “the flawed side of learners. They are those parts of conversation or composition that deviate from the acceptable norm of mature language competenceâ€. The adverse effect of errors to the performance of learners of target languages is what teachers and parents of learners tend to guard against.Anaydiegwu and Obi-Okoye the view that the Igbo language and the English language as different in areas like ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Chapter Five5.0 Conclusion Recommendations and Suggestions for Further Research5.1 PreambleIn this chapter, the researcher provides the conclusion of the study on the topic: A contrastive Analysis of conjugation of word formations of English and Igbo verbs. The researcher will also discuss the findings of the study and make recommendations to learners of English or Igbo as a second language, teachers, curriculum planners, and textbook designers. New area(s) of empha ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Work CitedAchade, Dele. ‘A’-One English (International Edition). Ile-ife Osun: Ashdell Publishers Ltd, 1999.Adindu, Ikechi J. New Trends In Use of English (Theory and Application). Enugu: John Jacob’s Classic Publishers Ltd, 1998.Anyadiegwu, Tina. Principles and Methods of Teaching English As a Second Language. Onitsha: Ausichaki Int’l Publishers, 2007.Anyadiegwu, Justina and A.F. Obi-Okoye. Principles and Methods of Teaching English As a Second Language. Onitsha: D-Be ... Continue reading---
