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Perceived Effect Of Solid Waste Disposal Techniques On Health Status Of Community Residents
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Solid waste disposal is both urban and
rural problem. Every person is a potential generator of waste and this
is a contributor to this problem. To generate waste is one thing, the
type of waste generated is another and also the way the generated waste
is managed or disposed of is quite a different issue. It has more often
than not turned out that the rate at which solid waste is generated is
far higher than the capacity to responsibly manage this waste. Waste is
generated by, and from different sectors, domestic, commercial, industry
and others and in many instances; the waste management responsibility
has been left to the government or administrative authorities. There is
growing consensus that the immediate stakeholders in the issue of solid
waste (the generators of waste), in this case the authorities is dealing
with this problem that has far-reaching environmental and human health
effects.
Solid waste refers to municipal waste from domestic,
commercial, institutions and industrial sources but excluding excreta,
except when it mixed with solid waste. It is however necessary to note
that in developing countries many a times it becomes difficult or even
impractical to put a line between excreta and solid waste. In many
instances, solid waste mixed with excreta is potentially dangerous to
human and animals’ health. Levine & Coed (2004).
Navarro. (2008)
stated that waste generation increases not only because people multiply
and hence the space available to each person becomes smaller, but also
because the demand per person are continually increasing so that each
person throws away more year by year. If the world’s population were
evenly distributed over the earth surface most of these wastes could
probably remain unnoticed and perhaps harmless. But as city population
increases, their residues also increases and concentrate around them.
Solid
waste disposal plays a multiple role in maintaining health and social
stability and in preserving the values of a decent family life,
community, State even the nation as a whole, This is because it
constitute the physical environment in which society’s basic units
develops. The improvement represents a concrete and visible rise in the
general level of living conditions in a given location.
Agbaje,
(2008) defined wastes as rubbish or materials that are not needed and
are economically unusable without further processing. It may be in
liquid, gas, or solid from and originated from a wide range of human
operations, such as industry, commerce, transport, agriculture,
medicine, and domestic activities.
UNPFA, (2006) defined waste as
something which the owners no longer want at a specific time. Solid
wastes can be generated from domestic, industrial, commercial and
agricultural activities as long as there are human activities going on
waste must be generated. However, poor solid waste disposal has been a
major public health issues affecting the health quality of life of man
and its environment. In most African countries where their level of
hygiene is low, accumulation of solid waste has created some health
problems which are also the primary cause of epidemic resulting in
severe deterioration of their health and environment.
Brook, (1999)
the term solid waste may be used to refer to municipal waste and can be
categorized in seven groups. They include residential (or house hold or
domestic waste). Commercial, institutional, street sweeping,
construction and demolition, sanitation and industrial wastes. While
municipal solid waste refers to solid wastes from houses, streets and
public places, shops, offices, and hospitals, which are very often, the
responsibility of municipal or other governmental authorities, solid
waste from industrial processes, are generally not considered
“Municipalâ€. However, it should be taken into account when dealing with
solid waste as they often end up in the municipal solid waste.
Solid
waste can also be refers as municipal waste which can be categorized
into seven which include: residential, (household or domestic)
commercial institutional, street sweeping construction and demolition,
sanitation and industrial wastes. While municipal solid waste refers to
solid waste generated from houses, streets and public places such as
offices and hospitals . Rush Brook,( 1999).
Osinowo,
(2003) stated that it is no longer news that Lagos State is over
populated with about 17 million inhabitants; and houses about 50% of
industries in Nigeria. Thus, waste is generated much more than any other
state in the federation. Considering the public health implications
varying from transmission of communicable diseases such as yellow fever,
diarrhea, cholera with malaria accounting for 25% child mortality rate
in Nigeria, continuous increase in indiscriminate dumping of waste has
however led to spreading of vector their and borne vehicle diseases like
malaria and cholera. It has also lead to offensive odour contamination
of underground water, loss of aesthetic value of the environment, and
flooding as a result of accumulated wastes blocking the high ways and
drainage.
The responsibility for solid waste management is placed on
the shoulder of the ministry of environment (MOE), Sanitation Department
of Local Government and Government Agency in particular Lagos State
Waste Management Authority (LAWMA). It is noted that, solid waste
disposal in Igando is being complicated on daily basis due to population
growth and increase in the rate of waste being generated by the
populace, which necessitates this research work.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The study assessed the perceived effects of solid waste disposal techniques on health status of residents in Igando Local Government Area. Four (4) Local Communities Development Area Ifeoluwa, Banjo, Feyintola and Oduduwa The descriptive research method was used in carrying out the study. The population for the study was people within the age bracket between 18-50 and above (male and female) in Igando Local Government Area of Lagos state which constitutes a total number of 4,640. The sample si ... Continue reading---
