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The Effect Of Flood On Road Users
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
flooding
is among the most common and destructive natural hazards, resulting in
considerable direct losses (e.g. personal injury and property damage)
and increasing indirect impacts (e.g. interruption of public services
and economic activities), especially in the urbanized areas around the
world (e.g. Ramos et al. 2005; Mejia and Moglen 2010; Smith et al. 2012;
Wright et al. 2012). Flood can be caused by heavy rain can be a regular
pluvial flood by a short timescale, generally less than six hours. It
is usually by their very fast evolution and occurs within minutes or a
few hours of excessive rainfall (Naulin et al. 2013). There exists a
broad consensus that the combined effect of climate change and rapid
urbanization is generally recognized as the primary cause for more
frequent, heavier rainfall-runoff (IPCC, 2013; Du et al. 2012; Suriya
and Mudgal 2012; Zhou et al. 2012). Furthermore, the lack of
anticipation of flooding events such as the unavailability of short-term
forecasting and warning, combined with insufficient, postponed adaption
measures (e.g. inadequate drainage capacity) largely limit the
efficiency of urban flood risk management, leading to the enhanced
consequences of these events in most cities like lagos.
Over the past
several decades, the significant disasters associated with street
networks and flooding events have been frequently occurring in different
urban environments such as New York and London in developed countries
as well as Beijing and Bangkok in developing countries (Pitt 2008; Hung
et al. 2009; NYC Emergency Management 2014). Road networks in Lagos are
particularly vulnerable to flooding events as the conflict between rapid
urbanization and the lagging urban (infrastructure) planning is
emerging onto the surface.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
In all the
flood prone areas, urban road network may be the major assets affected
first by inundations, which cause not only infrastructure damage but
also transportation disruption, due to its low-lying nature compared to
the neighborhood and high-density throughout urban territory. More
seriously, almost half of the flash flood casualties involve people on
flooded roads by trapping in their cars or by escaping in the rapid rise
of open water (Drobot et al. 2007; Versini et al. 2010a).
Although
there is a huge demand for understanding urban road network risk to
Flooding, until now, very few work have attempted to systematically
examine the potential effects of flooding events on urban road systems
largely due to the lack of adequate data and observations concerning
road flooding, difficulty in numerically modeling the PFF dynamics and
the complexity of cascading effects resulting from temporary flooding on
transportation systems (Suarez et al. 2005).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Urban flooding has attracted growing public concern due to rising intense precipitation and increasing consequences. Accurate risk assessment is critical to an efficient urban flood management, particularly in transportation sector. This paper describes the effects of flood on road users in Lagos state, where some ares are prone to flooding.A descriptive study to evaluate the potential impact and risk of flood on road Users and road networks in the city of Lagos.The population of the study inclu ... Continue reading---
