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Management Of Rural Urban Migration And Economic Development In Nigeria
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CHAPTER
INTRODUTION
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
The burden
of rural-urban migration in Anambra State is multifaceted and
intertwining. As such, an analysis of one decompose component or
consequence, such as unbearable population density, impinges on other
issues within the identifiable cycle of burdens. For instance, in
examining the management of rural- urban migration and its effect on
economic development, has it result to increase in population in the
urban areas while the rural areas lack development or at the extreme
its explosion. Various other subsequent effects are expected to be
considered.
Population explosion activates the housing challenge both
at micro (family) and macro (society) levels. Congestion in households
and communities has implications for both the health and psychology of
victims. Nigerian cities such as Lagos, Port-Harcourt, Kano, and Onitsha
among others are characterized by human traffic, vehicular congestions,
environmental pollution, consistent in-migration and spurious expansion
of territories to accommodate human additions.
Nigeria is a country with over 150,000,000 million people (Censes 2006)
and the giant of Africa. Most international organizations and foreign investors find
a
good market in Nigeria. The oil-boom in the 1970s has deeply affected
the economic development of the country and continues to do so as
government focuses on oil sector and neglects the agricultural sector
which was the prime of the economy and economic development before the
oil-boom. Government insensitivity to the plight of the rural
communities whose major source of livelihood is agriculture has lead to
migration of the rural dwellers to urban area for a good standard of
living.
Nigeria, at independence in 1960, was largely a producer and
net exporter of primary products. The six major agricultural products
then were cocoa, rubber, palm oil, groundnut, cotton and palm kernel
(Idode, 1989). Although there existed mining and quarrying activities,
these were of negligible percentage and never counted for the economy as
a whole (Olaloku, 1979). In other words, agricultural produce and
raw materials constituted the main income for the country.
Specifically, the Nigerian state as an exporter of agricultural goods
had 69.4% of its total GDP for the year 1963/64 comprising the six
aforementioned agricultural commodities (Olaloku, 1979:8).
Rural-Urban
migration has led to uneven development of the country. The urban
areas are over-populated while the rural areas are densely-populated, as
young men and women leave the rural areas due to lack of
infrastructures, social amenities, employment and economic development
of the rural areas. According to
Nyagba (2009), rural communities are
the most important sectors of the Nigerian economy, indeed the West
African regional population. There are several reasons to support this
position.
Agriculture and rural development are crucial for the
structural transformation and economic development of West Africa
region. Agriculture contributes 20 per cent of GDP in northern Africa
and 30 per cent of GDP in sub – Saharan Africa (Nyagba, 2009). The rural
population represents an average of over
60 percent of the total
population on the continent; about 90 per cent of the rural labor force
engages directly or indirectly in agricultural activities. For the
continent‟s rural people, accelerated agricultural and rural
development would contribute to greater efficiency, increased household
income, improved standards of living, and poverty reduction.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]This thesis studied the Management of Rural-Urban Migration and Economic Development in Nigeria: The case of Anambra State. Development of a Country or State depends on its ability to manage and deal with challenges that come with development, such as over-population, pressure on facilities (roads, electricity), accommodation problems, environmental pollutions and other implications. In conducting this study, the researcher elicited relevant data from both the primary and secondary sources. Ques ... Continue reading---
