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Environmental Protection Agency Strategy For Reducing Health Risks In Urban Areas
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1.2 Statement of Problem
Urbanization is a major public health
challenge of the 21 century as urban populations are rapidly increasing,
but basic infrastructures are insufficient and social and economic
inequities in urban areas have resulted in significant health
inequalities. In this sense, therefore, urbanization in a way is similar
to globalization which can be seen as a structural social determinant
of health that can challenge the aspirations of equity due to tendency
of accumulation of wealth and power among urban elites. Today, most
cities in Nigeria have undergone urban decay because of lack of or
breakdown in basic services; potable water supply, electricity,
efficient city transport services, affordable housing, and waste
disposal systems. This is largely as a result of authorities coming to
terms with the “tempo†of rising urban needs. These phenomenal
transitions are not without health challenges to the population in urban
areas and cities. These prompted this review as there is an obvious
need to assess how these demographics can enhance our understanding of
the current urban trait in Nigeria and its challenges. Urbanization is
integrally connected to the three pillars of sustainable development,
economic development, social development, and environmental protection,
and as urbanization proceeds in Nigeria, the pace and scale of urban
population growth will generate important public health challenges for
town planners and governments. This is more so since urbanization has
not been associated with sustained industrialization and socioeconomic
development across the country. Urban poverty and the growth of slums
and shanty settlements which are critical challenges to urban health
have grown remarkably. Thus, the “health for all will not be achieved
for all Nigerians without re-orienting the system to deal with urban
health problems.†Systematic search of published literature in English
was conducted between 1960 and 2015. Published peer review journals,
abstracts, Gray literature (technical reports, government documents,
reports, etc.), inaugural lectures, and Internet articles were reviewed.
Manual search of reference lists of selected articles was checked for
further relevant studies. In this research material, we broadly review
the current knowledge on trends of urbanization in Nigeria and health
challenges posed by this phenomenon to provide an informed background to
stimulate further research and to promote positive urbanization. In
addition, health of Nigerians should be a major consideration in both
urban renewal and future town planning to ensure that urbanization is
not only friendly across all ages but also works to reduce the double
burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Hence, this
work seeks to analyse environmental protection agency strategy for
reducing health risks in urban areas.
1.3 Research Objectives
The
general objective of this research work is to analyse environmental
protection agency strategy for reducing health risks in urban areas.
However, te following specific objectives are formed for the purpose of
the research project;
To evaluate the roles of the environmental protection agency in reducing health risks in urban areas in Nigeria
To assess the performance of environmental protection agency in reducing health risks in urban areas in Nigeria
To
investigate problems affecting the effectiveness of environmental
protection agency in reducing health risks in urban areas in Nigeria
1.4 Research Questions
What are the roles of the environmental protection agency in reducing health risks in urban areas in Nigeria?
What is the level of performance of environmental protection agency in reducing health risks in urban areas in Nigeria?
What
are the problems affecting the effectiveness of environmental
protection agency in reducing health risks in urban areas in Nigeria?
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