Knowledge And Causes Of Urinary Tract Infection As Perceived By Health Workers
[A CASE STUDY OF KAURA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE]

Medical conditions as a consequence of UTI patients: Patients with diabetes are also susceptible to conditions like cystopathy, nephropathy, and renal papillary necrosis, complications that incline them towards UTI. Diabetic cystopathy as a consequence causes vesicourethral reflux which causes the backward flow of the urine from the bladder to ureter and kidney and this result in periodic infections. Around 30% of women diagnosed with diabetes are prone to medical conditions like cystocele, cystourethrocele, or rectocele which may in turn cause persistent UTIs among diabetic females [Clinical and laboratory standard institute (2005)]. Medical condition like renal and perirenal abscess, emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous cystitis is often encountered among diabetic women with complicated UTI. In addition, fungal infections, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and papillary necrosis are persistent among diabetic females. Obstruction of the urinary tract as a result of diabetes can cause emphysematous UTIs which leads to necrosis and hemorrhagic infarction [Clinical and laboratory standard institute (2005)]. The emphysematous UTIs of the upper urinary tract are responsible for pyelonephritis, pyelitis and Emphysematous cystitis. The prime perpetrators accountable for this condition are E. coli, Klebsiella, pneumoniae, and Candida [Clinical and laboratory standard institute (2005)].
Other factors associated with risk of UTI
The previous sections have highlighted the significance of UTI among men and women including its classification, prevalence and symptoms. Demonstrative research studies in the past and present have attempted to explore the consequences of UTI among patients and long term hospitalized conditions and diabetic individuals are highly susceptible to the disease. In addition, it is a universal fact that the prevalence of UTI is more among women when compared to men due to their reproductive physiology and pregnancy enhances the occurrence of the infection. When pregnancy is taken in to consideration there are a variety of aspects that can bring about the disease. It is a well known fact that the infection commences at the 6th week of pregnancy and attains peaks by the 20th week of pregnancy. During the course of pregnancy factors like parity and gravidity play a vital role in conferring the infection. Gravidity is defined as the number of pregnancies and parity is the number of healthy deliveries. Scientific studies have cited multiple pregnancies as a problematic indication but this remains arguable [Could, C.V.; Umscheid,C.A ;Agarwal, R.K, ;Kuntz, G. ; Peguues,A.D. (2010).]. Factors like age, parity and gestational age are associated with the risk of UTI. In addition, factors like employment of immunosuppressant, financial condition of the individual as well as geographical location also have a prominent in conferring the infection. Immuno suppressants are the substances that the given to a patient after a transplantation surgery in order to avoid the rejection of the transplanted organ. Immune suppressants are known to suppress the immune system of an individual and a compromised immune system is susceptible to the attack of pathogenic microbes. Financial situation may not be considered as a prime factor but a prevalence of 17% of UTI was recorded among women during pregnancy in nations like Tanzania [Umscheid,C.A ;Agarwal, R.K, ;Kuntz, G. ; Peguues,A.D. (2010).]. Therefore, the incidence of UTI is common among males and females and females are more prone due to their anatomy. Despite the fact, that UTI is considered as a consequence of bacterial infection there are several other factors which signifies the infection. Pregnancy is considered as a crucial period and enhances the occurrence of the infection due to hormonal effects and physiological changes. Patients with diabetes are equally prone to the infection. Parity and gravidity are equally associated with the medical condition and reports and available data have validated the significance of these parameters in conferring the infection [Agarwal, R.K, ;Kuntz, G. ; Peguues,A.D. (2010).].