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The Antiplasmodial Activity Of Extracts Of Edible Mushroom: Agaricus Bisporus On Plasmodium Berghei In Albino Mice
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HPLC-based activity profiling and subsequent chromatography of the ethyl acetate extract of Ganoderma lucidum yielded six lanostanes (106–112) of which three (107, 108, 112) were new (Fig. 1). These lanostanes exhibited moderate in vitro antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 6 to 20 Μm (Adams et al., 2010). Investigation of the chemical constituents of fungus, Cordyceps nipponica BCC 1389 led to the identification of four isolates of N-hydroxy- and N-methoxy-2-pyridones compounds (Fig. 2), namely cordypyridones A-D (113–116). Out of these, the cordypyridones A and B, which are atropisomers of each other, exhibited potent in vitro antimalarial activity with IC50 values of 0.066 and 0.037 μg/mL, respectively (Isaka et al., 2001). Cordyceps unilateralis BCC 1869 was found to produce bioactive naphthoquinones, which possess anti-malarial activity (Kittakoop et al., 1999; Wongsa et al., 2005). Previously reported bioxanthracenes of ES-242s and their analogues from the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps pseudomilitaris BCC 1620 (on a Lepidoptera larva) showed moderate antimalarial activity (Jaturapat et al., 2001), while ES-242s derivative exhibited similar activity (IC50 3.3 μM) in another study (Isaka et al., 2007). The sterostreins are five novel terpenoids from cultures of the mushroom Stereum ostrea BCC 22955 and out of those, sterostrein A (117) (Fig. 2) exhibited considerable antimalarial activity (IC50 2.3 μg/mL) against P. falciparum as well (Isaka et al., 2011; 2012).
Neonothopanus nambi Speg. (Marasmiaceae) is a novel poisonous luminescent mushroom which is phylogenetically related to Omphalotus . Six new sesquiterpenes, a known aristolane dimeric sesquiterpene and aurisin A were recently isolated and characterized as antiparasitic principles from cultures of this fungus (Kanokmedhakul et al., 2012). Aurisin A (118) as well as a new dimeric sesquiterpene, aurisin K (119) (Fig. 2) exhibited excellent antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum and antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Kanokmedhakul et al., 2012).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT IS COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]1.4   Aim and Objectives1.4.1   AimTo determine the antiplasmodial activity of extracts of edible mushroom: Agaricus bisporus on Plasmodium berghei in albino mice.1.4.2   ObjectivesThe specific objectives of this study were to:a.   assess the analytical components of edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GCMS).b.   determine the antiplasmodial activity of edible mushroom extract: (Agaricus bisporus) on Plasmodium berghei.c.   ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER THREE3.0   MATERIALS AND METHODS3.1   Sample Collection   Sufficient mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) was gotten from Igunsin village, Akure north in Ondo State, Nigeria and taken to the Herbarium Service Unit (HSU), Department of Plant Biology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria for authentication with a voucher number of F.H.I. 11295.3.2   Drying and ExtractionThe mushroom samples were cut into pieces using a sharp knife. The pieces were air-dried properly ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.0Â Â Â RESULTSThe compounds present in the aqueous and alcoholic extract of Agaricus bisporus were identified by GC-MS analysis after analysis. Aqueous mushroom extract was labelled as A while the alcoholic extract was labelled B. The active principle Molecular Weight (MW), Concentration (%), Molecular Formula (MF), and Retention Time (RT). Nine compounds were identified in the extracts. The prevailing compounds in the aqueous extract were 1-Butanamine, 2-methyl-N- (2-methylbtylid ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0Â Â Â DiscussionThis result of the Gas Chromatograghy Mass Spectrophotometry identified the compounds present in the fruiting body of A. bisporus. The prevailing compounds in the aqueous extract were 1-Butanamine, 2-methyl-N- (2-methylbtylidene) (2.03%), 2-Pyrorolidinone (7.46%) while the prevailing compounds in the alcoholic extract were n-Hexadecanoic acid (19.47%) and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (80.53%). According to Isaka et al. (2001), these are some of the active ingre ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]REFERENCESAdams, M., Christen, M., Plitzko, I., Zimmermann, S., Brun, R., Kaiser, M., Hamburger, M. (2010) Antiplasmodial lanostanes from the Ganoderma lucidum mushroom. Journal of Natural Products, 73:897–900.Akindahunsi, A. A., and Oyetayo, F. L. (2012). Nutrient and anti-nutrient distribution of edible mushroom, Pleurotus tuberregium (Fries) Singer. Food Science and Technology, 39(5):548-553.Anthony, M.P., Burrows, J.N., Duparc, S., Moehrle, J.J.,Wells, T.N.C. (2012) The global pipelin ... Continue reading---
