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The Antiplasmodial Activity Of Extracts Of Edible Mushroom: Agaricus Bisporus On Plasmodium Berghei In Albino Mice
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3.3.4. Temperature Evaluation
Temperature of the mice was checked daily using a clinical thermometer fixed to their anus for 30 seconds after demobilizing them in a fixed container. The readings were taken daily for the period of the experiment.
3.3.5. Standard Drug (Control)
Chloroquine was obtained from Tuyil Pharmacy in Ilorin, Kwara State and prepared to 5mg/ml for the group that served as the positive control. They were given 0.2 ml of the drug daily for the four days.
3.3.6. Preparation of Blood Films
A drop of blood from the tail of the mice was put on a slide resting on a flat surface. The dropped blood was then spread rapidly and evenly with the edge of a clean glass slide making a circular movement until the desired diameter is achieved. The films were kept horizontally and protected from dust for best result, the slide were dried for a few minutes at 37°C then stained using 1:10 solution of Giemsa stain (Cheesebourgh, 2006).
Microscopic examination of stained slide was done using x100 oil immersion objective.
3.3.7. Estimation of Parasite Numbers/μl of Blood
The fields of the thick film where the white cells are evenly distributed and the parasites are well stained were selected. Using the oil immersion objective, 100 white blood cells (WBC) at the same time, the numbers of parasites (asexual) in each field covered were systematically counted. This is repeated in two other areas of the film and average of the three counts were taken. The number of parasites per μl of blood was calculated using the formulae:
%Parasitaemia = Total number of parasitized red blood cell count × 100
Total number of red blood count
% Parasite suppression was calculated as follows;
No of parasite in infected and not treated mice - No of parasite infected and treated×100
No of parasite infected and not treated mice (Trape, 2010)
3.4 Statistical analysis
Result obtain was subjected to descriptive one way analyses of variance, SPSS version 21 Microsoft windows 7 and Duncan multiple range test was used to analyze the data of mean parasite count with respect to days of suppression. Percentage suppression was calculated using the formula reported by (Baker et al., 2010). Values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. 95% confidence intervals (95%-CI) were calculated and differences between two different parameters were considered significant if the P<0.05.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT IS COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]1.4 Aim and Objectives1.4.1 AimTo determine the antiplasmodial activity of extracts of edible mushroom: Agaricus bisporus on Plasmodium berghei in albino mice.1.4.2 ObjectivesThe specific objectives of this study were to:a. assess the analytical components of edible mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GCMS).b. determine the antiplasmodial activity of edible mushroom extract: (Agaricus bisporus) on Plasmodium berghei.c. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]HPLC-based activity profiling and subsequent chromatography of the ethyl acetate extract of Ganoderma lucidum yielded six lanostanes (106–112) of which three (107, 108, 112) were new (Fig. 1). These lanostanes exhibited moderate in vitro antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 6 to 20 Μm (Adams et al., 2010). Investigation of the chemical constituents of fungus, Cordyceps nipponica BCC 1389 led to the identification of four isolates of N-hydroxy- and N-methoxy-2-pyridones compounds ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.0 RESULTSThe compounds present in the aqueous and alcoholic extract of Agaricus bisporus were identified by GC-MS analysis after analysis. Aqueous mushroom extract was labelled as A while the alcoholic extract was labelled B. The active principle Molecular Weight (MW), Concentration (%), Molecular Formula (MF), and Retention Time (RT). Nine compounds were identified in the extracts. The prevailing compounds in the aqueous extract were 1-Butanamine, 2-methyl-N- (2-methylbtylid ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 DiscussionThis result of the Gas Chromatograghy Mass Spectrophotometry identified the compounds present in the fruiting body of A. bisporus. The prevailing compounds in the aqueous extract were 1-Butanamine, 2-methyl-N- (2-methylbtylidene) (2.03%), 2-Pyrorolidinone (7.46%) while the prevailing compounds in the alcoholic extract were n-Hexadecanoic acid (19.47%) and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (80.53%). According to Isaka et al. (2001), these are some of the active ingre ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]REFERENCESAdams, M., Christen, M., Plitzko, I., Zimmermann, S., Brun, R., Kaiser, M., Hamburger, M. (2010) Antiplasmodial lanostanes from the Ganoderma lucidum mushroom. Journal of Natural Products, 73:897–900.Akindahunsi, A. A., and Oyetayo, F. L. (2012). Nutrient and anti-nutrient distribution of edible mushroom, Pleurotus tuberregium (Fries) Singer. Food Science and Technology, 39(5):548-553.Anthony, M.P., Burrows, J.N., Duparc, S., Moehrle, J.J.,Wells, T.N.C. (2012) The global pipelin ... Continue reading---
