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An Assessment Of Low Income Housing Programme In Nigeria
[A case study of state low income housing in Kwara State]
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1.5 GEOGRAPICAL SETTING
Kwara states peaceful population abundant natural resources, well developed infrastructure and proactive investment- attraction policies have made it an attractive destination for investors.
Kwara state is one of the 36 states that make up the federal republic of Nigeria Africa’s most populous country. Kwara state shares a boundary to its west with the republic of Benin and has its Northern boundary, the Niger River.
The capital city of Lagos and 500km from the federal capital, Abuja major town include offa and Jebba, located on the river.
Kwara state comprises rainforest in the southern parts with wooded savannah covering the large part of the state. The soil is fertile and the state is well watered by the various tributaries of the Niger River which run through hills and valleys none of which rise to any great height.
The western section of the state is at a slightly higher attitude than the eastern. This is a summer rainfall area, with an annual rainfall range of 1000mm to 1500mm. The month of December and January coincide with the cold and dry harmattan period. Average maximum temperatures vary between 3000c and 3500c.
1.6 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF LOW INCOME HOUSING PROGRAMME IN NIGERIA.
The history of housing development in Nigeria can be divided
into four phase. The colonial era, pre-colonial era, post independence era, 1960- 1972. Then the oil boom period i.e. 1972 - 1979, the civilian regime period 1979 -1983 and military era 1984-1989.
The colonial period has been described as the era of housing reservation or the era of white ghettos.
This is an era when all the housing activities and housing policies of the government focused on the provision of quarter for the expatriate staff of the government. The Nigeria masses received no form of housing assistant from the government and only a handful of civil servant benefited indirectly or directly from any government housing scheme. No direct purposeful action was taken to involve a housing policy or programme to benefit Nigerian, a great of who were living in what will be termed substandard housing initiate.
Post independent period in the twelve years of independent, the hosing programme consisted the activity of the Lagos executive development board, the housing corporation and the Nigeria building societies and how to appraise of the performance of housing programme during this era shows that little was achieved by way of directed construction of houses.
The concern of government for the citizen is to create an avoidable space for the societies.
The main concern of the federal government in housing during the period was created to provide residential quarters for the workers.
In addition, slump clearance and resettlement of those affected take place In the federal territory of Lagos. The Federal Government allocated some money to the African staff housing scheme and the Nigeria building society.
The amount provided for those two schemes was grossly inadequate to meet the housing needs that this institution was expected to meet.
Theses scheme largely benefited the high income groups both in the private and public sector of the economy, because the condition for granting a mortgage been favour them. The same post independent era then fair regional government and the finance resource of the corporation were very small and the operation of their scheme was out of the reach of common man. The performance of Housing Corporation was more or less a token; performance in the provision of housing was given a very low priority national development allocation during this era
OIL BOOM ERA
Oil boom era contributed in the tremendous increase in a government in government revenue resulting from the oil boom as well as the attendance quickened phase of urbanization led to a change for greater in the federal government assumed a major social respondent for the provision of housing throughout the federation. The following were the main activities during those periods.
The national council consisted of all commissioners responsible for housing in the federation.
In 1971, the federal government acquired the common wealth development co-operation building society this increased the federal government share in the society to 91%
In May 1973, the federal government declared that 59,000 housing units would be build in different parts of the country 15,000 of these were proposed for Lagos 4,000 units were allocated to each of the 12 state capitals. This was the beginning of federal government of government investment in the direct provision of residential unit.
In 1973, the federal housing authority was set up to see the implementation of the federal government housing programme. Housing cooperation was set up in each of the 12 state. Housing cooperation and eastern region.
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