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Influence Of Instructional Materials On Students Academic Performance In Secondary Schools
[A CASE STUDY OF ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT]
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The relevance of the utilization of instructional materials in the teaching and learning situation in schools cannot be over emphasized. The falling standard of education is attributed largely to the problem of unqualified teachers and lack of adequate instructional materials. Nular (1997) asserted that, when students’ interest were aroused, lesson becomes real, students, therefore, participate more actively and retain more, particularly when instructional materials are adequately used.
Instructional materials are print and non-print items that are designed to impact information to students in the educational process. Instructional materials include items, such as kits, textbooks, magazines, newspapers, pictures, recordings, slides, transparencies, videos, video Disc, work book, chat and electronic media including but not limited to music movies, radio, software, CD –ROMS and online services.
Instructional materials plays a very important roles in the teaching learning process. It enhances the memory level of the students. At this time, education has spread wide and entirely oral teaching cannot be the key to successful pedagogy, therefore, the teacher has to use instructional materials to make the teaching-learning process interesting. It is the use of instructional materials that can enhance the learning achievement (Nicholls, 2000; Raw 2003). Crobac (1989) stated the important elements of behaviour that provide the basis for learning theory: situations, the situation consists of all the objects, persons and symbols in learning environment. Experience in situation prepared a person to respond to similar situation on the future situation must be created in which learner can be satisfied. Personal characteristics under this heading will include all the abilities and all the typical responses that the person brings to the situation.
Instructional materials is used efficiently and actively to facilitate the teaching-learning process in most advance countries such as united state of America. However, the situation is not good enough in most of the developing countries, as well as in Nigeria. Firstly, only the lower quality and less quantity of instructional materials are provided to schools, in this way, the availability of instructional material is very low. Secondly, teachers are not trained properly for the use of instructional materials. Thirdly, teachers do not have interest in using the instructional materials in their teaching process. Instructional materials are classified into three categories namely: visual materials, audio materials and audio-visual materials. Visual materials are the materials (instructional materials) which transmit information and could be coded using the sense of sight. They may be concrete objects such as model or print such as photographs, magazines and journals. There category of instructional materials is usually captivating and because of this potentials, learners learn through them effectively. This brings to mind the chines adage that says what I hear I forget, what I see I remember and what I do, I understand ( Babatunde 2006 ).
The use of instructional materials, therefore, becomes more relevant in the studying of geography since it deals with distribution of phenomena on the earth surface. Despite the general importance of instructional materials and the peculiar significant to geographical studies, a number of experts like that of Badaaiye (1989) and Iwoh (1990) have revealed that instructional materials were either not adequate or not available in schools and those ones that were on ground were not adequately used by the teachers. The resultant effect is the poor teaching and learning of subject which metamorphosed into poor performance of students in secondary school and even lead to poor enrolment of students for geography. In summation, to achieve effectiveness of instruction, conducive and attractive learning environment and for the learners attention to be better controlled and sustained, adequate use of instruction materials become pertinent.
Student’s academic performance in secondary schools subject can either be affected positively or negatively. This is as a result of the factors affecting the performance of students which can mold the secondary education either directly or indirectly. According to Sual (1984), the students themselves contributed to their performance in geography, their careless reading habit, wrong use of time, poor technique and method of answering questions. They do not read to comprehend on the given questions before making their choice and answering. The poor performance of students in social science subjects especially geography has been reported by some scholars. Balogun (2000) reported that over 80% of failure in geography are due to
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe study examined the effect of instructional materials on student’s academic performance in geography in Ilorin West Local Government Area, Kwara State.Four secondary schools were selected from the local government for research purpose. Total of eight (8) teachers and thirty two (32) students were the sample used. The instrument used for the study was a structured questionnaire designed by the researcher. The data collected was analyzed using simple percentage and chi-square.  ... Continue reading---
QUESTIONNAIRE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]UNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONDEPARTMENT OF ARTS EDUCATION QUESTIONNAIRE Dear Respondent, Â
 This questionnaire is designed to examine Influence Of Instructional
Materials On Students Academic Performance in Geography in Senior
Secondary Schools in Ilorin West Local Government. The information
supplied will be used for research purpose only. Therefore, your honest
response to each item will be highly appreciated. SECTION APlease tick (Â Â Â Â Â ) as appropriate Name of yo ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]These examples reveal that audio materials could readily be made available either in the natural ( real) or representation ( recorded) formsVisual materials:  These are teaching and learning materials that appeal mainly to the sense of sight or vision (eye) done.  They could be made available either in their representational or real visual form ( Farrant 2008). Some examples of visual materials are:a.   Some specimens e.g fairing and hunting implements.b.   Pictures e.g real photog ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Validity of the Instrument   The validity of the instrument was established by face and content validity.  Validity of an instrument relates to the extent to which it measures what it intends to measure.  To do this, some copies of the instrument were distributed to some friends in geography department for their observation and suggestion, a copy was also given to the project supervisor for his assessment, correction and endorsement. The statements of the questionnaire were carefully ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Discussion of Findings    The hypothesis one which states that “there is no significant difference in the performance of the students taught with instructional materials and those though without instructional materials was rejected. This simply indicated that, those students taught with instructional materials performed better than those taught without instructional materials. This reveals the impact of instructional materials on the students academic performance, it shows that with in ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAbolade and Adegbija (2007). Evaluating Secondary School Geography in Nigeria Journal of art and social science. Teachers Association of Nigeria.Adefila (2010) Impact of teacher quality and the academic achievement of students at secondary stage in Nigeria Adeyemo, S.O (2005) Research and statistical methods in education, for students and research and statistical methods in education, for student and researchers in teaching in tertiary institution (Revised Ed) Ilorin: Bimtex printing a ... Continue reading---
