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Influence Of Instructional Materials On Students Academic Performance In Secondary Schools
[A CASE STUDY OF ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT]
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CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this chapter, works of various researchers, authors, scholars and writers that are related the topic were reviewed. Their options will be either accepted or constructively critized and the literature will be reviewed under the following sub heading.
a. Concept of instructional materials
b. Types of instructional materials
c. Roles and importance of instructional materials in teaching and learning Geography.
d. Concept of Academic Performance
e. Instructional Materials and Academic Performance .
f. Appraisal of Literature Reviewed
Concept of Instructional Materials
According to Meduabum (2007), instructional materials refer to materials which make a tremendous enhancement of lesson if it intelligently used. It is further explained that they are the materials which the teacher use to illustrate the point he wishes to emphasize in his teaching. Those materials may be those which the students can see and there are other which supply sound.
Edward (2005) defined instructional materials as the resources teacher employ when teaching to supplement oral, explanation, description and to use demonstration. Abolade (2007) defined instructional materials as human and non-human materials that a teacher uses to pass information to the learners in the classroom. Olumorin, (2008) defined instructional materials as human and non-human materials and facilities that can be used to ease, encourage, improve and promote teaching and learning activities.
Instruction aid or materials in the human and non-human materials employed by teachers for the purpose of effective communication and learning. Adeyemo (2005), in his own opinion, defined instructional material as the materials which help teachers to make lesson more explicit to the learner. In addition instructional aid transmits information, in a fashion that modifies their attitude, habit and practices in complete tasks. Yusuf, (2008) It therefore, consist of the process of designing, utilizing and evaluating instructional processes so as to achieve instructional objectives.
However, instructional materials, items or those human and non-human resources that are considered as indispensable requirement in teaching-learning process, they are indeed those educational materials items or equipment, personal and infrastructure ion items of telecommunication gadgetry, radio, television and video recorder. The production of above mentioned instructional materials has been made easier in recent time due to the rapid development in modern technology. Despite all this, it is interesting to note that teachers are almost ignorant of the availability and relevance of the instructional materials. Bland Kenny (1991)
Types of Instructional Materials
Instructional aid or materials can be classified in several ways, depending on the choice or motive of such classification, it is paramount to know which resources or materials appeal to sensesithis will further help us to choose through which we gain most of our knowledge, i.e those of sight and hearing. However, it is not to say that other sense tough, smell and taste could not reinforce the others. The types or classification to human sense is therefore executed under the sub-heading.
Audio, Visual and Audio-Visual materials.
Audio: These are instructional materials that appeal to only sense of hearing (ear) in enhance learning process. They are referred to as oral materials, these materials are available in the form of sound and voices examples of audio materials are;
a. Cries of animals and creature such as early morning crowing of cock
b. Warning sound e.g sound from air craft or sound from vehicle and moving train.
c. Human voice e.g teachers and learners voice
d. Radio broadcast
e. Sound from loud speaker
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe study examined the effect of instructional materials on student’s academic performance in geography in Ilorin West Local Government Area, Kwara State.Four secondary schools were selected from the local government for research purpose. Total of eight (8) teachers and thirty two (32) students were the sample used. The instrument used for the study was a structured questionnaire designed by the researcher. The data collected was analyzed using simple percentage and chi-square.  ... Continue reading---
QUESTIONNAIRE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]UNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONDEPARTMENT OF ARTS EDUCATION QUESTIONNAIRE Dear Respondent, Â
 This questionnaire is designed to examine Influence Of Instructional
Materials On Students Academic Performance in Geography in Senior
Secondary Schools in Ilorin West Local Government. The information
supplied will be used for research purpose only. Therefore, your honest
response to each item will be highly appreciated. SECTION APlease tick (Â Â Â Â Â ) as appropriate Name of yo ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Statement of the ProblemThe problem of the study is to examine the influence of instructional materials on academic performance of students in geography in Ilorin West Local Government Area.  Purpose of the Study    The general purpose of this study is to assess the influence of instructional materials on the teaching and learning of geography and on the students’ academic performance in geography in Ilorin West Local Government Area Secondary Schools of Kwara State. Other specific, ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Validity of the Instrument   The validity of the instrument was established by face and content validity.  Validity of an instrument relates to the extent to which it measures what it intends to measure.  To do this, some copies of the instrument were distributed to some friends in geography department for their observation and suggestion, a copy was also given to the project supervisor for his assessment, correction and endorsement. The statements of the questionnaire were carefully ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Discussion of Findings    The hypothesis one which states that “there is no significant difference in the performance of the students taught with instructional materials and those though without instructional materials was rejected. This simply indicated that, those students taught with instructional materials performed better than those taught without instructional materials. This reveals the impact of instructional materials on the students academic performance, it shows that with in ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAbolade and Adegbija (2007). Evaluating Secondary School Geography in Nigeria Journal of art and social science. Teachers Association of Nigeria.Adefila (2010) Impact of teacher quality and the academic achievement of students at secondary stage in Nigeria Adeyemo, S.O (2005) Research and statistical methods in education, for students and research and statistical methods in education, for student and researchers in teaching in tertiary institution (Revised Ed) Ilorin: Bimtex printing a ... Continue reading---
