Effect Of Teachers Qualification On The Secondary School Students Performance In Geography In External Examination
[A CASE STUDY OF KAJOLA LOCAL GOVERNMENT]

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature shall be reviewed on the following areas.
1.    Teachers attributes in the teaching and learning of Geography
2.    Teachers Education for knowledge upgrading
3.    Students performances in secondary school Geography and its relevance
4.    Secondary school education
5.    Differentiation in the teaching and learning of Geography
6.    Appraisal literature review
Teachers Attributes in the Teaching and Learning of Geography
Several factors including teachers’ attributes students attributes, peer groups parental and home background, and school environment among others are known to influence students attrition in subjects or course of study.
Teachers attributes have however received the greater attention in researches indeed the success of any teaching and learning process which invariably influence students academic performance on how effective and efficient the teachers are highlighted bySabitu and Nurudeen, 2010.
Bajan (2010) in Akintade (2011) said it is an education treason that a teacher graduate or non-graduate can only teach what he or she knows therefore it is very important that a secondary school teacher should be academically articulate in his area of specialization. The way he /she relates to the students and passes across his instructions goes a long way to affect the students response and attitude towards the subject.
Zarei and Sharifabad (2012) stated that teachers can be different from each other based on the experience they have attained during teaching.
Adediwura and Tayo, 2007, Aduand Olatundun, 2007 SchacterThum, 2004, Starr 2002 in their views stated that the influence of teachers teaching effectiveness on the learning outcome of students as measured by students academic performance has been the subject of several studies, the above studies suggest that effective teaching is a significance predictor of students academic achievement. Therefore effective teachers should produce students of high academic performance poor academic performance students in Nigeria has been linked to poor teacher performance in terms of accomplishing the teaching task negative attitude to work and poor teaching habits which have been attributed to poor motivation.
Agharuwhe, Akin and Ugborugbo (2001) in an assessment of the influence of teachers classroom effectiveness on students’ academic performance in public secondary schools in Delta State discovered that effective teachers produced better performing students, although the observed differences students’ performance were statistically not significant which they attributed to the influence of students and school environment related factors that were not included in the study.
Bangbade (2004). Study also showed that teachers attributes have significant relationship with student academic performance. According to him such attribute include; teachers knowledge of the subject matter, commutation ability, emotional stability good human relationship and interest in the job, he concluded that students whose teachers lack the knowledge of the subject matter, who have poor communication ability, poor emotional stability and lack interest in the job do not perform like others whose teachers posses these attributes.
Rena (2000) explained further that for students to perform well in any examination one of the prerequisites is that their teachers must know them and have profound knowledge of their state of physical, intellectual and psychological readiness. Teachers must be well versed in the content of the subject matter he/she is teaching. He must know the appropriate method to a don’t in different situations.
Afolabi (2001) in a related development, on preparation of teachers for effective implementation of secondary school curriculum in Ondo State revealed that there was a significant relationship between teachers’ attributes and their participation in school development programmes and curriculum implementation. He concluded, based on his findings that those to be appointed as teachers in the secondary schools should be thoroughly screened so that those who have relative ideal attributes required of a good teacher are employed in order that the educational goals and that of the national development can be attained without much waste of time fund and human labour.
Wafula (2012) opined that the teacher is the most important person in the effective teaching and learning of oral literature, therefore, it is important that teachers are well prepared to meet this challenge.