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Water Supply And Consumption
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Water supply system
is the collection, transmission, treatment, storage, and distribution
of water for homes, commercial establishments, industry, and irrigation,
as well as for such public needs as fire fighting and street flushing.
Of all municipal services, provision of potable water is perhaps the
most vital. People depend on water for drinking, cooking, washing,
carrying away wastes, and other domestic needs. Water supply systems
must also meet requirements for public, commercial, and industrial
activities. In all cases, the water must fulfil both quality and
quantity requirements. Water was an important factor in the location of
the earliest settled communities, and the evolution of public water
supply systems is tied directly to the growth of cities. In the
development of water resources beyond their natural condition in rivers,
lakes, and springs, the digging of shallow wells was probably the
earliest innovation. As the need for water increased and tools were
developed, wells were made deeper. Brick-lined wells were built by city
dwellers in the Indus River basin as early as 2500bce, and wells almost
500 metres (more than 1,600 feet) deep are known to have been used in
ancient China
Public water supply started in Nigeria early in the
twentieth century in a few towns managed at the lowest administrative
level. Amongst the early beneficiaries were Lagos, Calabar, Kano,
Ibadan, Abeokuta, Ijebu Ode (Ogun State) and Enugu. The schemes were
maintained with revenue from water sales with virtually no operational
subvention from government. With the creation of regional governments in
the early 1950s the financial and technical responsibilities for
developing new water schemes were taken over by the regional governments
who also assigned supervisory high level manpower to oversee operations
and maintenance. The regions were slow to set up independent bodies to
develop, operate and manage the water supply. The first water
corporation was formed in the western region in 1966 which took over all
the assets and liabilities, including the existing staff. The staffs of
the Water Division of the Ministry of Works were also transferred to
the new corporation. The next corporations were formed in the 1970s.
Today, all 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory have water
boards/corporations or public utilities boards managing their public
water supply. Their efforts are supplemented, in many cases, by local
governments who supply water to small villages in their areas of
jurisdiction.
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of the
study is to examine the domestic water supply and consumption in Ibadan
north-east local government area. The specific objectives are to:
1. Determine the quantity of water used in different household
2. Access the challenges facing water supply for residents in the area and proffer solution.
3. Examine the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and pattern of water consumption in the area
1.3 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
There is no significant relationship between household size and quantity of water consumed.
There is no significant relationship between income and quantity of water consumed
3. There is no significant relationship between distance to water source and the amount of water consumed.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
It
has been estimated that about 80 % of all the diseases in the
developing countries are related to unsafe water supply and inadequate
sanitation. Lack of access to improved sanitation and safe water supply
is a global crisis. The effects of inadequate water supply are more
visible and prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. The fast growth of the
study area has contributed to the high demand of water supply and
consumption within it. A lot of residents are dependent on boreholes and
wells for their water supply. This study will examine the domestic
water supply and consumption in Ibadan north east local government and
the problems and solutions of water supply for the people of the area.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]This study examines the domestic water supply and consumption in Ibadan north east local government area of Oyo state, Nigeria. Primary and Secondary data were used during the study. Primary data were gathered through the use of administered questionnaires. Structured questionnaire was used to solicit information from two hundred and forty (240) randomly selected households. This questionnaire was used to obtain information on type of water source, distance from household and water consumption p ... Continue reading---
