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Delineation Of Aquifer Depths And Its Characterisation Using Geophysical Method
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These methods image the subsurface geologic stratigraphy for
characterization of the subsurface in a bid to delineate zones
characterized with high porosity, permeability as well as saturation for
sufficient ground water exploitation and determination of depth,
thickness and boundary between saline and potable fresh water aquifer
zones (Khalil, 2006; El-waheidi et al, 1992; Bello and Mankinde, 2007;
Astahani, 2006; Ismail Mohamaden, 2005). Ground water exploration
involves the use of numbers of Geophysical techniques available in the
location of water bearing rocks called Aquifer (Ariyo and Adeyemi, 2012;
Emenike, 2001). Mogaji, et al, (2011) defined aquifer as any mass of
permeable rock material from which significant amount of water can be
recovered from. Sabongida- Ora Edo State is characterized with limited
boreholes and ephemeral stream, thus water is a priceless commodity.
The
need for water in adequate supply and quantity is a necessity for every
life that is for domestic and industrial uses (Ariyo and Adeyemi,
2012). This study aimed at shielding light on the subsurface geology for
the determination of geo-electrical and hydro-geophysical
characteristics of potable aquifer for optimal groundwater exploration.
Both Schlumberger and Wenner array configurations were used in this
study.
The schlumberger method has a greater penetration than the
Wenner therefore, it is suitable for depth and thickness investigation
whereas Wenner configuration discriminates between resistivities of
different geoelecric lateral layers (Olowofela et al, 2005 cited in
Adegbola et al, 2010). Consequently, the application of
hydro-geophysical method proffer the existence of a perched water
aquifer within a window depth of 15m to 35m and a deep seated confined
aquiferous unit at depth of investigation beyond 240m with good
characteristic for potable water exploration and its supply in the study
area.
Methods for applying geophysical techniques in groundwater
exploration have been already presented (Van Dongen and Woodhouse 1994)
but as MacDonald et al. (2001) pointed out, ‘‘areas with complex geology
and hydrogeology are not covered by the general approach and require
special methods for particular problems’’. Many geophysical methods have
been used for groundwater resources investigation, but the electrical
and electromagnetic methods have the greatest success and can be used
for studying fresh and/or contaminated aquifers around the world (Meju
et al. 1999; Peavy and Valentino 1999; Sørensen and Søndergaard 1999;
Gwaze et al. 2000; Corriols et al. 2000; Mendoza et al. 2000; Miele et
al. 2000; Maillol et al. 2000; Wynn et al. 2000; Farrell et al. 2000;
Paine et al. 2000; Soupios et al. 2010).
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