Causes And Consequences Of Child Trafficking As Expressed By Married, Adults
[A CASE STUDY OF SHAKI WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE.]

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
    Inspite of the fact that in many societies the traditional attitudes towards prostitution, forced labour or slavery define by religion and custom is basically immoral, the sale of sexual service thrine because there is already market for it. Therefore, the profession has come to stay in almost every society. Bearing in mind the dramatic increase in trafficking of children for prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or service, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs. Nigerian children troop through all possible means to Italy and other foreign countries. Just as people in various fields of work have reasons that motivate them to such profession and it varies form one profession to another, while some may be for economic factors other’s may for social status and many other factors, so also the person (children) who is engaged in all these immoral attitudes will claim to home a reason (Ajere, 1998).
    According to WOTCLEF (2000), sex work or other forms of sexual exploitation is not a problem of public order, it is infront a social problem, which involves every citizens of the country old and young male and female. The whole of the society is infact responsible for this phenomenon. Poverty, misery and war are the major causes of child trafficking which pushes thousand of person into the hands of international criminals all to be ready to exploit them, in the market of sex and also elsewhere (slave and semi-slave black work) WOTCLEF, 2000).
    According to Out (2003), agreed has also been identified as a factor, Ghana reported that mothers not only give among their children as a response to poverty, but also but of agreed contentiousness and self fulfillment. They try to achieve through their children, what they have not been able to do themselves. Talabi (1996) noted that, people go into commercial sex work and other forms of sexual exploitation as a result of many factors like war, unemployment, under-employment, broken homes, affluence delinquency, and through the influence of the pimp.
    In this chapter, the researcher reviewed the related literatures in views on the variables of interest to the study under the following sub-headings.
•    Concepts of child-trafficking
•    Prevalence of child trafficking
•    Causes of child trafficking
•    Consequences of child trafficking
•    Theories of child trafficking
-    Humanistic view
-    Psychoanalytic view
-    Behaviouristic view
•    Ways of solving the problem of child trafficking
•    Summary of the review of related literature.
Concepts of Child Trafficking
    Child trafficking is an act of moving children (person below the age of 18 years) from one country to another for prostitution and other form of sexual exploitation purpose (U.S. Haruna, 2006). Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or slavery or practices similar to slavery scrintude or the removal of organs (J.O. Fayeye, 27th Feb, 2006).
    Article 3 of the Palermo convention supplementing the U.N. convention Against Transactional organized crime defines trafficking in persons to mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer-harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person for the purpose of exploitation (Out, 2003).
    The trafficking and exploitation of human-man, women and children is an old phenomenon. It is a historical fact that form early times slave toilet to the comfort of the lards in several courts in Europe. The Trans-Atlantic slave trade was only a quantum leap in the age old exploitation of humans fueled by the need for raw materials to sustain the industrial revolution in Europe and the Americans (Out, 2003).
    Hajia Titi Atiku Abubakar (in life of the Vice-President of Nigeria) 2001, said; “Nigerian girls sent to Europe by traffickers are sometimes forced to sleep with dogs”. She also said, “these girls are forced by their agents to sleep with as many as 40 men he a night; where they refused, they are either killed or brutalized.”