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Needs For Guidance And Counselling Services In Primary Schools As Perceived By Primary School Teachers
[A CASE STUDY OF ILORIN METROPOLIS]
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Guidance and Counselling is based on the assumption that every individual in any society had, is having and will have a problem that he/she alone could not solve (Makinde, 1983). Okon (1984) suggested that African communities had always been carried out by traditional helper’s who assisted people when they had personal concerns and problems that could not be solved all by themselves. These traditional helpers have been identified in the various African cultures as ‘Uzenakpo among the Ibiobios, Dibia, Bokaye Uganda, Ngangu in Tanzania, Sikidy in Malaysia, Babalawo among Yoruba and Oboz among the Igala-tivs (Makinde 1983). This list is sufficiently convincing to indicate that traditional guidance have always been part of the role of the African extended family system in the traditional Nigeria society too. People sought solution to their problem in various ways, including going to fortune fellers, seeking advice from the elders, relation or friend.
To explain the term guidance, Durojaiye (1992), viewed guidance within the content of the total educational process. He describe guidance as a complex process with encompasses the total needs of the individual, students to be directed or guided. This guide is available to the individual educational, social, emotional, health, vocational and leisure-time needs and for the individual preparation for a suitable occupation. This assistance h stressed, may take many forms. It may be educational, vocational, social, recreational, emotional and/or moral. Okon (1984) also defined guidance as a total programme of highly specialized activities implemented by all staff members to help individual make wise intelligent choices and decisions. As a service, guidance is the activities required for helping an individual for the enhancement of the individuals functioning. Guidance consist of the process of thinking an doing, it is the process of thinking and providing service aimed at helping individual to understand how to help themselves realistically.
Shertzer and Stone (1994) define guidance as the process of helping individuals to understand themselves and their world. It should be clearly pointed out here that guidance has several definitions but they all point towards helping, aiding, directing or assisting an individual towards better understanding of him/herself and his/her world which leads to adjustment of the individual. It is a dynamic process, which undergoes continuous changes over time, as it is not a single event but a series of events, steps or actions, which are geared to general development of the individual.
There are various guidance services which Okon (1984) called the basic element of guidance programme. The following activities are the essential services taken to paddle and cushion individuals off some of the problem that he or she may be faced with. These services include, Counselling information. Counselling services is a procedure by which a counselor assists a client or a group of clients achieve self-understanding and self-actualization. Information services involve the creation of awareness and provision of necessary guidance to assist students in decision making. Appraisal services encompass gathering, organizing and interpreting data or information about students for the purpose of assisting them to understand themselves.
Orientation service involves the introduction of new students or staff to schools and members of a community. Placement services refer to the organization or any experience helpful to them according to their needs and capacities. Referral services it is a procedure by which a student or client who needs special attention or assistance is directed to relevant institutions and agencies in the community. Follow-up services involves monitoring of client or students by obtaining relevant and up-to-date information on their progress in school, working place, etc.
Local research is related to the study of happenings in the school and the community in which a school is located. The main objectives of local research is to accelerate the growth and development of the students and the community.
Counselling is a part of guidance; it is the care of the school guidance programme. It is a interaction which takes place between a counselor and a counsellee or a group of counsellees (Idowu 1996). Thompson and Poppen (1986) defined counselling as a person to person relationship in which one person assist another to resolve an area of conflict that has not been hither to resolved. The purpose of Counselling is to assists students to explore and understand themselves so that they can become self-directing individuals.
Burks and Steffire (1991) described Counselling as a professional relationship between a trained counselor and a client. The relationship is usually person-to-person (individual) Counselling although it may sometimes involve more than two people (group Counselling). It is designed to help clients understand and clarify their view of life space and to learn to reach their self-determined goals through the resolution of problems of an emotional or inter-personal nature.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to conduct research into “the needs for guidance and counseling services in primary schools as perceived by primary school teacher in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State. Data were collected through the use of questionnaire four types of questionnaire were designed. Type one is there any difference in the need for guidance and counseling service in primary school as perceived by primary school teachers based on respondents gender? Is th ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ] ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Distribution of the respondents based on Gender Table 2: Distribution of the respondent based on religion Table 3: Distribution of respondents based on educational qualification Table 4: Distribution of respondents based on teaching experience Table 5: Means, standard deviation and t-value on respondents’ perception of the need for guidance and counselling in primary school based on gender Table 6: Mean, standard deviatio ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle Page Approval Page Dedication Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables Abstract CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTIONBackground to the Study Statement of the Problem Research Questions Research Hypotheses Purpose of the Study Significance of the Study Operational Definition of Terms Scope of the Study CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREIntroduction Concept of Guidance and Counselling Historical Perspective of Guidance and ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]However, guidance and counselling as a discipline started in the United State of America (USA) where frank person organized the Boston Vocational Bures from 1985. The bureau had the dual function of providing vocational assistance to young people and the training of teacher to serve as vocational counsellor. Another notable contributor to the guidance and movement was Jessie B. Davis. Davis (19440 had applied the process of career choice outlined by person to locate himself in the teaching profe ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Validity of the Instrument The validity of an instrument is usually concerned with the question of whether or not it measures what it purposed to measure Adewumi (1988) stated that an instrument is valid when it measures truly and accurately the quantity and ability it expected to measure. In order to ensure validity of the instrument used for this study Need for guidance and Counselling services questionnaire (NGCSQ), it was to given to four experts in the Department of Counsellor Educat ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]Hypothesis ThreeThere is no significant difference between the perception of Christian and Muslim Primary School teacher on the needs for guidance and counselling services in primary schools. The result on table 7 reveals that a calculated f-ratio of 0.48 is less than critical f-ratio of 3.00. Since the calculated f-value is less than the critical f-value hypothesis three, which states that there is no significant difference between the perception of Christian and Muslim respondents on the needs ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Conclusion Based on the findings for this study that presented in the previous chapter and the discussion in this chapter the following conclusions could be drawn from the study: Guidance and Counselling services are needed most at the primary school level to perform effectively in schools. Genders of the primary teachers do not affair their perception on the need for guidance and Counselling services in primary schools. Educational qualifications obtained by ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAdewumi, J.A. (1988). Introduction to educational research and techniques. Ilorin: Gbenle Press.Akinyele, J.A. (1999). Counselling strategies for handling children’s problems. Lagos: Multifum Ltd PublishersAnagbogu, M.A. (1988). Foundation of guidance and counselling. Enugu: Ikenga PublishersAremu, I.K. (2005). Need for guidance and counselling services as perceived by primary school teacher in Isin Local Government Area of Kwara State. An unpublished M.Ed project, University of ... Continue reading---
