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Needs For Guidance And Counselling Services In Primary Schools As Perceived By Primary School Teachers
[A CASE STUDY OF ILORIN METROPOLIS]
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However, guidance and counselling as a discipline started in the United State of America (USA) where frank person organized the Boston Vocational Bures from 1985. The bureau had the dual function of providing vocational assistance to young people and the training of teacher to serve as vocational counsellor. Another notable contributor to the guidance and movement was Jessie B. Davis. Davis (19440 had applied the process of career choice outlined by person to locate himself in the teaching profession.
The emerging discipline of psychology and psychiatry had an immense impact on the guidance movement Sigmund Freud had formulated psycho-analytic approach between 1839 and 1903 from his treatment of emotionally disturbed persons. He held the view that human behaviour was consciously motivated mainly by the instincts of sex and aggression. These views are denounced as subjective and unscientific by the behaviour who are experimental psychologist and mainly interested in studying the process of learning.
They insisted that every human’s behaviour is learned and subjected to control by the external environment. Guidance and counselling in the western sense is relatively recent phenomenon in Nigeria. Its origin has been traced by several authors to the initiative taken by a group of Reverend sisters at St. Theresa is a College, Oke-Ado, Ibadan in 1959. these sisters invited professionals in various field to give career talks to their graduating students. Having been thus briefed about the world of work, the sixty girls were said to have successfully gained employment in various professions. As a follow-up to this, subsequent workshops were organized.
By October 1961, they became organized together with some principals of schools and representative of the Ministry of Education, Health, Trade Industry and Labour into the Ibadan careers council. Not much happened in terms of the development of the careers council for a while because of Nigeria civil war. The activities of this council soon spread beyond the confines of Ibadan with several schools in the country desiring membership. The council therefore expanded rapidly until it was changed to Nigerian careers council, 1967 (Oladele 1986).
As guidance service expanded throughout the country, the counselling association of Nigeria was formed in December 1976. All government of the Nigeria Federation has recognized this professional body as being responsible for maintaining the growth of guidance services. The association meets annually and publishes a journal each year. It is also organized at all level so as to have more direct impact on counselling activities in schools.
Direct government involvement in guidance activities started in 1961 with the employment of C.I. Berepiki as vocational guidance officer. Berepiki’s main task was to popularize guidance services through seminars and workshop, the first of which was organized in 1964 in Lagos and then Ayetoro.
Like wise, in formulating the current National Policy on Education (1981) government gave full expression to its desire to provide guidance service and a check on personality maladjustment. Another major contributor to the growth of guidance and counselling in Nigeria is the development of local psychological tests.
Aims and Objectives of Guidance and Counselling
Difference
disciplines have their own principles on which practice is based.
Guidance and counselling as a helping profession operates on principles
that guide the activities of its practitioners. The principles of
guidance serve as guides in conducting the programme. According to
Shertzer and Stone (1994) guidance and counselling aims are fundamental
truth or doctrine’s which sustain both the theory and practice of the
profession, some of the principles are:
- Guidance and counselling should encourage individual and personal development, freedom, independence and confidence.
- The focus is on the total development, of pupils or students and maximization of their individual potentialities.
- Guidance is a continuous process not crisis solution from the nursery school to the university and after education.
- Guidance services and functions are for every pupil’s both those with or without problems, normal and abnormal.
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Guidance is oriented forward, cooperation not compulsion, it recognized
individual right, dignity, worth and individual right to make wise
intelligent and informed choice and decisions.
- Guidance does not imply that it can solve all problems.
- Guidance maintains and recognized that confidential information (verbal or visual) should not be divulged to a third party.
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Guidance is a shared responsibility i.e. the involvement of all staff
within the school setting is crucial for a successful guidance programme
within a school.
- Guidance and counselling also have certain
aims and objectives especially as they relate to students. However, the
objective of guidance and counselling commonly observed in a school
guidance programme as documented by Ipaye (1983) include the following:
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Personal-social and career counselling to promote students’ emotion,
health and adjustment in school and intelligent career decisions and
plans.
- Maintaining personal cumulative data records on each student in the school.
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Referral of students with more than the normal counselling needs to the
appropriate agencies e.g. psychiatrist, clinical psychologist
audiologist and special education experts.
- Group counselling in
the classroom setting over subject likes self disciplines
responsibility, value clarifications, sex education, relaxation
techniques appropriate use of leisure, qualities of leadership e.t.c.
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Promotion of career education through organized visits to industries,
institutions of higher learning and through guest speakers on career
days and careers club meetings.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to conduct research into “the needs for guidance and counseling services in primary schools as perceived by primary school teacher in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State. Data were collected through the use of questionnaire four types of questionnaire were designed. Type one is there any difference in the need for guidance and counseling service in primary school as perceived by primary school teachers based on respondents gender? Is th ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ] ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Distribution of the respondents based on Gender Table 2: Distribution of the respondent based on religion Table 3: Distribution of respondents based on educational qualification Table 4: Distribution of respondents based on teaching experience Table 5: Means, standard deviation and t-value on respondents’ perception of the need for guidance and counselling in primary school based on gender Table 6: Mean, standard deviatio ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle Page Approval Page Dedication Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables Abstract CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTIONBackground to the Study Statement of the Problem Research Questions Research Hypotheses Purpose of the Study Significance of the Study Operational Definition of Terms Scope of the Study CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREIntroduction Concept of Guidance and Counselling Historical Perspective of Guidance and ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Statement of the Problem The primary school children face many developmental problems which hinder their intellectual physical, social, emotional, moral and vocational development. Guidance and counselling in the elementary school is an emerging field in the world, report according to Hoose et al (1983) revealed that the United State of America witness a remarkable growth elementary school counselling in the decade of 1960 to 1970. A few surveys conducted by Hoose, Pietrofesa and Carlson ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Validity of the Instrument The validity of an instrument is usually concerned with the question of whether or not it measures what it purposed to measure Adewumi (1988) stated that an instrument is valid when it measures truly and accurately the quantity and ability it expected to measure. In order to ensure validity of the instrument used for this study Need for guidance and Counselling services questionnaire (NGCSQ), it was to given to four experts in the Department of Counsellor Educat ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]Hypothesis ThreeThere is no significant difference between the perception of Christian and Muslim Primary School teacher on the needs for guidance and counselling services in primary schools. The result on table 7 reveals that a calculated f-ratio of 0.48 is less than critical f-ratio of 3.00. Since the calculated f-value is less than the critical f-value hypothesis three, which states that there is no significant difference between the perception of Christian and Muslim respondents on the needs ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Conclusion Based on the findings for this study that presented in the previous chapter and the discussion in this chapter the following conclusions could be drawn from the study: Guidance and Counselling services are needed most at the primary school level to perform effectively in schools. Genders of the primary teachers do not affair their perception on the need for guidance and Counselling services in primary schools. Educational qualifications obtained by ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAdewumi, J.A. (1988). Introduction to educational research and techniques. Ilorin: Gbenle Press.Akinyele, J.A. (1999). Counselling strategies for handling children’s problems. Lagos: Multifum Ltd PublishersAnagbogu, M.A. (1988). Foundation of guidance and counselling. Enugu: Ikenga PublishersAremu, I.K. (2005). Need for guidance and counselling services as perceived by primary school teacher in Isin Local Government Area of Kwara State. An unpublished M.Ed project, University of ... Continue reading---
