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Prevalence Of And Motivation For Drug Abuse  
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Alcohol
Alcohol is a drug that is produced by a chemical reaction in fruit, vegetables and grass. That is, alcohol is created from the fermented grain, fruits or vegetable. Fermentation is the process that uses yeast or bacteria to change the sugar in the food into alcohol. Fermentation is used to produce many necessary items everything from cheese to medications. Alcohol has different forms and can be used as a cleaner, an antiseptic, or a sedative (Durani, 2012).
Alcohol has been used in one form or another among cultures throughout the world, past and present. Alcoholic beverages results from the action of yeast, molds or bacteria on grains and fruits. Through the action, the sugar in the plants turned into alcohol (Aaron, Robert, Reische, Barbara, Waggoner & Wagner, 1982).
Alcohol is a depressant drug that slows down the working of the brain and other parts of the nervous system. Chronic, excessive use of alcohol can seriously damage nearly every organ and function of the body (Merki, 1996). Because expert now know that the human brain is still developing during out teens, scientist are researching the effects of drinking alcohol can have on the teen brain (Durani, 2012). According to Merki (1996) effect of alcohol may be short time or long time effects. Short time effects are:
Alcohol (Chemical) affects mucosal lining, tongue and throat; too much alcohol in the stomach may cause vomiting; causes heart to beat faster and the blood vessels to widen; reaches the brain within minutes and the brain becomes less able to control the body; movement, speech, and vision may be affected, and the person becomes intoxicated.
Alcohol has a long-term effect, when one drinks alcohol for many years, eventually destroy millions of brain cells; suffer liver damage; he or she may develop cirrhosis, which is scaring and destruction of liver tissue and cirrhosis can cause death. Heavy drinking contributes to high blood pressure and may damage the heart muscle. It can even cause heart failure by petting extra strain on already damaged heart muscle.
Despite the debilitating effect of alcohol, some people cannot do without drinking alcohol. They have form the habit of drinking and have become addicted to it. Being addicted means they have depend on alcohol drinking in which they will experience withdrawal symptoms when they stop. Sign of alcohol withdrawal include sweating, inability to sleep, shakingness and irritability. The person may also experience unreasonable fears seizures and other disturbance of the nervous system. This physical and mental need for alcohol turns into a progressive and chronic disease called alcoholism. People with this disease are called alcoholic. They cannot stop drinking when they have started. They even drink when they know it harms their health. Harold, John, Anita, Charles and Frankline (1975) stated that many people become heavy drinkers to escape from conflict or emotional problems they have not learned to handle.
Merki (1996) pointed out that experts say that alcoholism develops in three (3) stages. The stages occur over a period of time.
Stage 1: A person starts using alcohol to relieve stress or to relax. Soon, the person needs alcohol to cope with the daily pressure of life. The drinker begin to make excuse about his/her drinking habits
Stage 2: As the person continues to drink, the body develops a need for more and more alcohol. The drinker is often absent from school or work but continue to deny that there is a problem.
Stage 3: In the final state of alcoholism, the problem is clear to other people. The drinker’s body is strongly addicted and the drinking is now out of control.
However, it is observed that alcohol is the oldest and most widely used drug in the world (Durani, 2012). Some of the reasons for this are: no law forbids it sales, people drink to get relax, some use it to feel less shy and youths particularly drink as a result of peer influence. The influence of advert on alcohol use cannot be undermined. Every day on television, in magazines and on bill boards, youths see good looking, healthy people drinking alcohol. Entertainers promote the idea that it is normal, smart and sophisticated to drink. Beer advertisement associate drinking with sport events, fast cars, popularity and fun. Therefore, teens are to believe what they see.
Promotion gimmicks are also popular at any sport and entertaining events. People can buy T-shirt, caps, rubber band etc that feature the name of the beer company sponsoring the event. When they put on these materials, they are invariably providing free advertisement for the product of the company.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON>> CHECK OTHER PAGES ... Continue reading---
QUESTIONNAIRE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]UNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONCOUNSELLOR EDUCATION DEPARTMENTPrevalence of and Motivation for Drug Abuse Questionnaire (PMDAQ)Dear Respondent, This instrument is designed to elicit information on the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. Your sincere responses to each of the items will be highly appreciated as all information supplied will be treated with utmost confidentiality and be used strictly for the re ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]Purpose of the Study The main purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, suggestion will be made on alternative activities that Nigeria youths can venture their time and energy aside drugs and roles of counsellors in preventing drug abuse among youths so that they may have a life of purpose and be self actualized.Significance of the StudyYouthful age has ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Section B and C of the instrument contained 15 items each, the highest possible score any respondent can obtain is 60 (i.e 4 x 15), while the lowest possible score is 15 (i.e 1 x 15). Therefore, the range is 45 (i.e 60 – 15). The mid-point of range is 22.5 (i.e 45 ÷ 2). The cut-off point is therefore 60 – 22.5 (i.e maximum score minus the mid-point of the range) or 15 + 22.5 (i.e the minimum score plus (+) the mid of the range), in which either case is 37.5. Thus, if res ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 8 ]Summary of Findings Based on the result of the study, items 1, 6 and 4 were ranked as the top three on the prevalence of drug abuse while items 2, 1 and 3 were ranked the top on the motivation for drug abuse. The list ranked items on the prevalence of drug abuse are items 7 and 13, 12, and 2 while items 4, 8 and 11 features on motivation for drug abuse. However, eight hypotheses were postulated and all of them were accepted. Hence, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of, ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Still on the basis of age, the hypothesis that there is significant difference in the motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions was accepted as no significant difference was found. It then indicates that respondents’ age has no influence in their motivation for drug abuse. Irrespective of their different age brackets, they tend to be motivated towards drug abuse by peer pressure, in order to work better and experiment how it works. The finding thus supports that of ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]REFERENCESAaron, K., Robert, L., Reische, D., Barbara, V., Waggoner, S. & Wagger, H.(1982). Understanding health. New Jersey: Random House Visual Education Corporation. Abdullahi, O. (1995). Typology of research. In S. Jimoh (ed). Methodology: An inter disciplinary approach. Ilorin: Unilorin Library and Publication.Akindelly, B. (2009). Causes, effects and control of drug abuse in society.Retrieved July 22, 2013 from. http://www.voices.yahoo.com/causes-effects-control-drug-abuse-society. ... Continue reading---
