-
Prevalence Of And Motivation For Drug Abuse  
CHAPTER TWO -- [Total Page(s) 14]
Page 6 of 14
-
-
-
Types of Alcohol Beverages
Moronkola and Otinwa (1999) listed the following types of alcohol beverages available in Nigeria: Wine, beer and distilled beverage.
Wine: Wine is made from the fermented juice grapes or other fruits. It has a typical alcohol content of 10% to 14% by volume. There are five basic types of wines, red, white, rose and sparkling or champagne, containing carbon dioxide (all referred to as table wine) and desert for cocktail (with an alcohol content ranging from 15% to 24%.
Beer: They are derived from cereal grains-barly rye, corn and wheat. The process of beer making is referred to as brewing and include the conversion of cereal and starch to a fermentable sugar, and it is then stored. The typical alcohol content of popular beers is about 4 %, light beer are about 32% to 33% alcohol. Beer also contains minute substance called congeners such as dextrin, maltose, vitamins, organic acids, acacia or gum Arabic salts and carbondioxide. Some of these substances are added to preserve, stabilize, enhance flavour and produce or promote foaming.
Distilled Beverages: These are wines and beers subjected to other processes to increase their alcohol content by heating them to the boiling point and evaporate and then collected into a reservoir when it turn black into liquid form, the end product is distilled spirit (Moronkola, 1996). Whiskey, gin and brandy are distilled spirits. The alcohol content of distilled beverages ranges between 40% and 50% volume. Local Alcohol beverages in Nigeria are:
• Local Gin- Ogogoro, kiakia, Akparin ( get from distilled palm wine);
• Oguro (got from raffia palm);
• Burukutu (from guinea corn);
• Palmwine (got from the oil palm tree).
Alcohol is used for different purposes which include a social, medical, dietary, mood modification, entertainment, laboratory work and peace-making. Youths who take alcohol are more prone to the following maladaptive behavior than abstainers. Behaviours like conflict with school teacher, suspension from school, fighting with other students, troubles with law enforcement agents and quarrels at home (Odejide, 1986).
Drug abuse at any age can cause serious health effects, but teens who abuse drugs are at particular risk for negative consequences. Each drug has its own list of disadvantages but all share a series of common dangers. The following are the outline of some common negative effects of youth drug abuse.
Youths who abuse drugs are more vulnerable to addiction later in life and addiction deprives user of their freedom of action.
Brain damage: Brain is the centre of all the vital functions. When a drug causes a brain injury, alteration is being produced a times irreversible ones, in the organic functions. Also, when psychoactive substance destroys several thousands of neuron, the loss is final
Drugs make the organism develop tolerance. When a harmful substance is introduced into the human body, it reacts by trying to eliminate it. At the same time it prepares itself to tolerate it. This means that the drug users, in order to get the desired effects need a larger dose each time. Logically, the organic balance is broken when the dose is excessive and this produces very serious symptom even causing death in some cases (Melgosa, 2005).
Emotional problems: Drug abuse can cause or mask emotional problems such as anxiety, depression, mood swings, suicidal thoughts and schizophrenia. Infact, among teens with major depression, 34.6% report using drug (Casapalmera, 2012). Unfortunately, drug use can also increase the severity of these emotion problems.
Behavioural Problems: Teens who abuse drugs have an increased risk of social problems, depression, suicidal thought and violence. According to a recent survey by the substance abuse and mental health administration, teens who abuse drugs are more likely than teens who do not abuse drugs to engage in delinquent behaviours such as fighting and stealing (Casepalmera, 2012).
Dependence: A long time use of drug may lead to dependence or desire for the drug. A person becomes psychologically and physiologically dependent on a drug. According to Wayne and Dale (1998), Psychological dependence occurs when a person use the drug to satisfy an emotional need. Mild psychological dependence is called “habituationâ€. A person can be habituated to anything that gives a feeling of well-being. For example a person can become habituated to the caffeine found in coffee, tea, cocoa and cola drink because it seems to provide a lift during the day. Physical dependence often results from tolerance on the other hand the body become use to a particular drug that it must have a certain amount in bloodstream and tissues all the time in order for the person to feel normal. Both psychological and physical dependence on drug is sometimes refers to as “addictionâ€.
CHAPTER TWO -- [Total Page(s) 14]
Page 6 of 14
-
-
ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON>> CHECK OTHER PAGES ... Continue reading---
QUESTIONNAIRE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]UNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONCOUNSELLOR EDUCATION DEPARTMENTPrevalence of and Motivation for Drug Abuse Questionnaire (PMDAQ)Dear Respondent, This instrument is designed to elicit information on the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. Your sincere responses to each of the items will be highly appreciated as all information supplied will be treated with utmost confidentiality and be used strictly for the re ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]Purpose of the Study The main purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, suggestion will be made on alternative activities that Nigeria youths can venture their time and energy aside drugs and roles of counsellors in preventing drug abuse among youths so that they may have a life of purpose and be self actualized.Significance of the StudyYouthful age has ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Section B and C of the instrument contained 15 items each, the highest possible score any respondent can obtain is 60 (i.e 4 x 15), while the lowest possible score is 15 (i.e 1 x 15). Therefore, the range is 45 (i.e 60 – 15). The mid-point of range is 22.5 (i.e 45 ÷ 2). The cut-off point is therefore 60 – 22.5 (i.e maximum score minus the mid-point of the range) or 15 + 22.5 (i.e the minimum score plus (+) the mid of the range), in which either case is 37.5. Thus, if res ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 8 ]Summary of Findings Based on the result of the study, items 1, 6 and 4 were ranked as the top three on the prevalence of drug abuse while items 2, 1 and 3 were ranked the top on the motivation for drug abuse. The list ranked items on the prevalence of drug abuse are items 7 and 13, 12, and 2 while items 4, 8 and 11 features on motivation for drug abuse. However, eight hypotheses were postulated and all of them were accepted. Hence, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of, ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Still on the basis of age, the hypothesis that there is significant difference in the motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions was accepted as no significant difference was found. It then indicates that respondents’ age has no influence in their motivation for drug abuse. Irrespective of their different age brackets, they tend to be motivated towards drug abuse by peer pressure, in order to work better and experiment how it works. The finding thus supports that of ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]REFERENCESAaron, K., Robert, L., Reische, D., Barbara, V., Waggoner, S. & Wagger, H.(1982). Understanding health. New Jersey: Random House Visual Education Corporation. Abdullahi, O. (1995). Typology of research. In S. Jimoh (ed). Methodology: An inter disciplinary approach. Ilorin: Unilorin Library and Publication.Akindelly, B. (2009). Causes, effects and control of drug abuse in society.Retrieved July 22, 2013 from. http://www.voices.yahoo.com/causes-effects-control-drug-abuse-society. ... Continue reading---
