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Prevalence Of And Motivation For Drug Abuse  
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Drugs affect specific organs. Alcohol for example attack the liver and the heart, the smoke and tar tobacco damage the lung, opium derivatives-heroin, morphine, methadone affect the brain considerably.
Risk factor: Using drug via needle parental or intravenous, increase their risk of blood borne disease like HIV/AIDs and hepatitis B and C. In Spain, two thirds of the HIV (AIDs virus) are transmitted by drug (Melgosa, 2005).
Mental disorder: Drug wakes up latent mental disorders and may also provoke them. The DSM-IV manual for psychiatric use list over 60 clinical disorder associated with drug taking (Melgosa, 2005).
Auto-accident: Drugs abusers are more likely to be involved in a car accident related injuries or death. One study showed that 4 to 14% of drivers who are injured or die in traffic accident test positive for THC (Casapalmera, 2012).
Prevalence of Drug Abuse
A drug is a substance used for medical purposes that change the state or function of the body (Coleman, 2010). Drugs are substances which alter the organic functions and the behavior of those who take them (Melgosa, 2005). Drugs are chemical or substance that change the ways one’s body works. When one puts them into his/her body (often by swallowing, inhaling or injecting them), drugs find their way into blood stream and are transported to parts of the body, such as brain. In the brain, drugs may intensify or dull one’s sense, alter sense of alertness and sometimes decrease physical pain (Durani, 2012).
Carroll (1989) defined drug as any substance which upon entering the body can change either the function or structure of the organism. On the other hand, drug abuse is a situation when one takes drugs in contrary to the prescription. It is the use of illicit drugs or the abuse of prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Carroll (1989), define drug abuse as the deliberate use of chemical substances for reasons other than intended medical purposes and which results in physical, mental, emotional, or social impairment of the user. The abuse of legal drugs can happen when people use the drugs in manner other than directed by the manufacturers or purpose that are not legitimate (Coleman, 2010).
Basically, drugs are of two groups i.e legally approved drug and illegal or legally disapproved drugs. Legally approved drugs are drugs which have through the ages become a part of the society and had remained (Ballas, 2006). These are drugs that are open to public consumption such as tobacco and alcohol. In some cultures, these drugs are not only tolerated, but their consumption is explicitly encouraged (Melgosa, 2005). However, due to large qualities of these drugs being taking in and out of the country, the government imposed imports duties on them. Illegal drugs are drugs like heroin, cocaine, morphine etc. they are hard drugs dangerous to physical, mental and social well being of the users. Abusement of any of the two groups of drug affect the brain and its functions, leave harmful chemical remain in the body and they create a habit (Melgosa, 2005).
Moronkola (2003) pointed out that some substances alter the mind, changed the users feeling, perception and behavior when they are used because they exert action on the brain. Global studies on drug use and abuse revealed that initiation of drug use is one of the best predictor of future drug abuse and dependence (Coleman, 201). That is, youths who started using drug before the age of 14 are more susceptible to drug problems later in life than those whose drug use started at the age of 21 and above.
In the global report of WHO on substance use disorder, Dr. Shekhar Saxena, director of WHO’s Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse stated that “Alcohol and illicit drugs are harming millions of people in many ways from becoming dependants on such substance to causing a range of other health problems such as injuries, cardiovascular disease, HIV and hepatitis C or cancers†(Garwood, 2010). Further still, reported the following key findings
• Alcohol and illicit drug use account for 5.4% of the world’s annual disease burden, with tobacco responsible for 3.7%.
• Two thirds of the world countries have a government unit or official responsible for treating substance use disorders, and under 50% have a specific budget for treating such disorders.
• In Africa, out-of-pocket payments are the main funding method for treating alcohol and drug use disorders.
• African is also only WHO region with the fewest countries with substance abuse policies (Garwood, 2010).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON>> CHECK OTHER PAGES ... Continue reading---
QUESTIONNAIRE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]UNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONCOUNSELLOR EDUCATION DEPARTMENTPrevalence of and Motivation for Drug Abuse Questionnaire (PMDAQ)Dear Respondent, This instrument is designed to elicit information on the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. Your sincere responses to each of the items will be highly appreciated as all information supplied will be treated with utmost confidentiality and be used strictly for the re ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]Purpose of the Study The main purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, suggestion will be made on alternative activities that Nigeria youths can venture their time and energy aside drugs and roles of counsellors in preventing drug abuse among youths so that they may have a life of purpose and be self actualized.Significance of the StudyYouthful age has ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Section B and C of the instrument contained 15 items each, the highest possible score any respondent can obtain is 60 (i.e 4 x 15), while the lowest possible score is 15 (i.e 1 x 15). Therefore, the range is 45 (i.e 60 – 15). The mid-point of range is 22.5 (i.e 45 ÷ 2). The cut-off point is therefore 60 – 22.5 (i.e maximum score minus the mid-point of the range) or 15 + 22.5 (i.e the minimum score plus (+) the mid of the range), in which either case is 37.5. Thus, if res ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 8 ]Summary of Findings Based on the result of the study, items 1, 6 and 4 were ranked as the top three on the prevalence of drug abuse while items 2, 1 and 3 were ranked the top on the motivation for drug abuse. The list ranked items on the prevalence of drug abuse are items 7 and 13, 12, and 2 while items 4, 8 and 11 features on motivation for drug abuse. However, eight hypotheses were postulated and all of them were accepted. Hence, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of, ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Still on the basis of age, the hypothesis that there is significant difference in the motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions was accepted as no significant difference was found. It then indicates that respondents’ age has no influence in their motivation for drug abuse. Irrespective of their different age brackets, they tend to be motivated towards drug abuse by peer pressure, in order to work better and experiment how it works. The finding thus supports that of ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]REFERENCESAaron, K., Robert, L., Reische, D., Barbara, V., Waggoner, S. & Wagger, H.(1982). Understanding health. New Jersey: Random House Visual Education Corporation. Abdullahi, O. (1995). Typology of research. In S. Jimoh (ed). Methodology: An inter disciplinary approach. Ilorin: Unilorin Library and Publication.Akindelly, B. (2009). Causes, effects and control of drug abuse in society.Retrieved July 22, 2013 from. http://www.voices.yahoo.com/causes-effects-control-drug-abuse-society. ... Continue reading---
