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Prevalence Of And Motivation For Drug Abuse  
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According to Hughes and Carolyn (2011), significantly less than half of the world population is involved in serious drug related crime. From the above findings, it is crystal clear that drug abuse is a global problem that has permeated the sphere of our economic, political and social life.
Particularly in Nigeria, the prevalence of drug use and abuse among youths result from political instability and lack of policy measures which give room for criminal organization for illicit drugs trafficking. In the early 70’s, drug trafficking were rare. The story began to change in the 1980 when Indian heroin began to be funneled through Nigeria on its ways to Europe. The criminal groups handling the wares soon forged alliance with South American illicit drug manufacturers and added cocaine to the drug they were distributing (Narconon Drug Information Department, 2013). In the 1990’s the criminal groups became more sophisticated. Cannabis began to be produced within Nigeria and psychotropic drugs were added to the list of trafficked products. Trafficking channels became more complex and methods of moving drugs more diverse. In 1999, 16,000kg of cannabis herb and 15.6kg of cocaine were seized, in 2000 this increase to 272,000kg of cannabis and 54kg of cocaine. In 2007, the rate of marijuana, seizure landed Nigeria in the number four spot after USA, Mexico and Bolivia. A review of drug seizures in the first half of 2009 shows that Nigerian are still frequently arrested for drug trafficking incidence around the world (Narconon Drug Information Department, 2013).
In addition, Nigeria Drug law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) in 2010 and 2011 seized 67,979.80kg and 55,472.967kg of cannabis and discovered 36.7 and 147 hectares of Indian hemp farm respectively in Ondo State (Anafi, 2011). Also in 2012, NDLEA intercepted 227.055kg of drug at Muritala International Airport, Lagos in the first half of the year. These drugs were seized from 63 suspects trafficker which worth N2.5 billion. The breakdown of the seized drugs was cannabis 73.350kg, metaphetamine 46.25kg, cocaine 43.505kg, heroin 33.15kg and ephedine 31.8kg (Bakare, 2012).
As already noted therefore, it is no exaggeration or fallacy to infer that the prevalence of drugs use and abuse among Nigeria youths resulted majorly from their escalation in the environment.
Motivation for Drug Abuse
Why a person use drug is also important so that root cause of the problem could be understood and better solution can be provided. Below are the series of factors specialists consider to be significantly influential.
Family: Many of the youngsters that use drugs come from families which also take them. For example, during the first year of a child, parents create a subconscious desire of imitation in the child. In many homes, parents drink alcoholic beverages, smoke cigarettes and take tranquilizers and even other socially accepted drug many people believed to be innocuous. According to Melgosa (1995), this consequently generates a favourable attitude to their consumption.
Friends: Different research studies emphasized that the influence of the group is the main factor in the first stages of drug use (Melgosa, 1995). Adolescent seek solace among friends from school and from the neighborhood. If the use of drug is approved and accepted by the group, adolescent feels a strong desire to conform to these expectations. When they give into peer pressure also, they get the approval and applauds from others. Adolescents will do whatever it takes to get this recognition they seem so essential.
Genetic predisposition: Several studies about twins and families have shown that there are people who have a greater genetic predisposition than other to be victim of alcoholic beverages (Melgosa, 1995). He stressed further that there are no studies which reveal the influence of genetics on the consumption of their drugs. However, because of the similarity of all addiction mechanism, this factor may be present in other drugs.
Personal Decision: A youngster who could not make a positive decision for himself/herself as to whether to use drugs or not is susceptible because personal determination plays a key role. Therefore, ability to make a firm decision to not use harmful substance will strengthen one will power. The desire to live a fulfilling life keep young people occupied in productive task and prevent drug use.
Parental indifference: When parents are indifference to the concern of youngsters, they may from there result into using drugs in order to cope with the problem or to disgrace the parents for their non-challant attitude towards them.
Advertisement: Advertisement has contributed immensely in motivating the young people towards the use of drugs. The most commonly advertizing drugs are alcohol and cigarette which most youngsters do not consider as drugs. Billions of naira are being spent by owner of this drug establishments on movie stars, musicians, broadcaster, entertainers (celebrities) etc that are making waves in the society to advertise for them. Having seen this, they believe the consumption of drugs is acceptable and can make them sociable and catch fun without considering their disastrous effects.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT COMING SOON>> CHECK OTHER PAGES ... Continue reading---
QUESTIONNAIRE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]UNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATIONCOUNSELLOR EDUCATION DEPARTMENTPrevalence of and Motivation for Drug Abuse Questionnaire (PMDAQ)Dear Respondent, This instrument is designed to elicit information on the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. Your sincere responses to each of the items will be highly appreciated as all information supplied will be treated with utmost confidentiality and be used strictly for the re ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]Purpose of the Study The main purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence of, and motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions in Kwara State, Nigeria. Based on the findings of the study, suggestion will be made on alternative activities that Nigeria youths can venture their time and energy aside drugs and roles of counsellors in preventing drug abuse among youths so that they may have a life of purpose and be self actualized.Significance of the StudyYouthful age has ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Section B and C of the instrument contained 15 items each, the highest possible score any respondent can obtain is 60 (i.e 4 x 15), while the lowest possible score is 15 (i.e 1 x 15). Therefore, the range is 45 (i.e 60 – 15). The mid-point of range is 22.5 (i.e 45 ÷ 2). The cut-off point is therefore 60 – 22.5 (i.e maximum score minus the mid-point of the range) or 15 + 22.5 (i.e the minimum score plus (+) the mid of the range), in which either case is 37.5. Thus, if res ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 8 ]Summary of Findings Based on the result of the study, items 1, 6 and 4 were ranked as the top three on the prevalence of drug abuse while items 2, 1 and 3 were ranked the top on the motivation for drug abuse. The list ranked items on the prevalence of drug abuse are items 7 and 13, 12, and 2 while items 4, 8 and 11 features on motivation for drug abuse. However, eight hypotheses were postulated and all of them were accepted. Hence, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of, ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Still on the basis of age, the hypothesis that there is significant difference in the motivation for drug abuse among students of tertiary institutions was accepted as no significant difference was found. It then indicates that respondents’ age has no influence in their motivation for drug abuse. Irrespective of their different age brackets, they tend to be motivated towards drug abuse by peer pressure, in order to work better and experiment how it works. The finding thus supports that of ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]REFERENCESAaron, K., Robert, L., Reische, D., Barbara, V., Waggoner, S. & Wagger, H.(1982). Understanding health. New Jersey: Random House Visual Education Corporation. Abdullahi, O. (1995). Typology of research. In S. Jimoh (ed). Methodology: An inter disciplinary approach. Ilorin: Unilorin Library and Publication.Akindelly, B. (2009). Causes, effects and control of drug abuse in society.Retrieved July 22, 2013 from. http://www.voices.yahoo.com/causes-effects-control-drug-abuse-society. ... Continue reading---
