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Marital Expectations Of Young Females
[A CASE STUDY OF OKE-ERO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KWARA STATE, NIGERIA]
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Physiological and Psychosocial Development of the Adolescent Female
Adolescence occurs when the secondary sex characteristics appear and ends when somatic growth is completed and the individual is psychologically and physiologically mature and capable of contributing to society. The pubescent period for girls begins when growth spurts occur. During this stage growth is rapid. Their skeletal system often grows faster than their support muscles, which tends to cause clumsiness and poor poster. At this stage, girls increase in height and weight. The increase in testosterone and androgen results in the production of secondary sex characteristics. Changes in girls appear in this order: an increase in transverse diameter of the pelvis, development of breasts, changes in the vaginal secretions, pubic hair growth. First menstruation (menarche) occurs between the appearance of pubic hair and that of axillae. After pubescence, growth is gradual and girls are capable reproduction. Usually there are heightened sexual tensions: girls are ready for heterosexual genital expression which they are denied become confused and full of anxiety (Dramin & Van der Merwe, 2002).
Expectation to get married by Young Female
Several researches have shown that most individuals expect to get married (Boyer- Pennington, Pennington & Spink, 2001; Kaufman, 2005; Popenoe and Whitehead, 2002; Willoughby and Carroll, 2010). Studies also show that there are many factors which influence the choice to get married, such as age (Gassanov, Nicholson, and Koch-Turner, 2008; Manning, Longmore, and Giordano, 2007; Willoughby and Carroll, 2010) and life events (Boyer-Pennington, Pennington, and Spink, 2001; Miles and Servaty-Seib, 2010; Riggio and Weiser, 2008; Tasker, 1992; Whitton, Rhoades, Stanley and Markman, 2008).
Manning, Longmore, and Giordano (2007) claimed age has significant influence on one’s expectation to marry. Most adolescents expect to marry in the future and older adolescents’ expectations to get married increase by age (Gassanov, Nicholson and Koch-Turner, 2008). As young female adults enter emerging adulthood Arnett, 2000 claimed that they form new norms regarding coupling behavior. Kaufman (2005) also claimed that emerging adults see marriage as a highly valued and anticipated life goal. According to Plotnick (2007) recent studies show that on average, emerging adults identify 25 as the ideal age for marriage.
Ethnicity and religiosity also appears to play a role in expectations to marry. Higher religiosity according to Manning, Longmore and Giordano (2007) is also associated with greater expectations to get married. For young adults, high religiosity was positively associated to agreeing that marriage is an important goal and marriage is a lifetime relationship (Willoughby and Carroll, 2010). Certain cultural values within a religion may emphasize the importance of getting married for some individuals more than others.
Divorce according to Kristina (2015) is the dissolution of a marital relationship; often, these relationships might end in conflict. Kristina (2015) claimed that one might expect that exposure to divorce in one’s family of origin might affect an individual’s desire to marry. Miles and Servaty-Seib (2010) claimed that adult female children of divorce demonstrated lower commitment to marriage and had more favorable attitudes towards divorce than adults from intact families. Individuals whose parents had divorced have lower expectations for relationship success and have more negative attitudes towards marriage (Riggio and Weiser, 2008). However, some studies have indicated that this is not always the case. For instance Whitton, Rhoades, Stanley and Markman (2008) indicated it is only women, not men, whose parents had divorced that demonstrate lower relationship commitment and less confidence that a relationship would last. Another study found that young adults, regardless of whether or not their parents stayed together, had a divorce, or had multiple divorces, expected to get married and were more optimistic about their marriage lasting than other peoples’ marriages (Boyer-Pennington, Pennington and Spink, 2001).
Cohabitation according to Guzzo (2009) has also been found to effect one’s expectations for marriage. Cohabitation has been found to be positively associated with expectations to get married. Although Manning, Longmore and Giordano (2007) claimed it is not perceived to be an alternative to marriage. Many adolescents believe cohabitation is part of their life paths, but do not think it substitutes for marriage (Kristina, 2015). Cohabitating individuals expect to marry their partners, but are highly concerned with the stability of their cohabitating relationship, indicating a lower level of certainty about the relationship than married individuals. Kristina (2015) claimed that if it is true that cohabitation attracts individuals who are more prone to having unstable relationships, it makes sense that the same individuals might have more negative attitudes towards marital relationships with less intent to marry and less expectations regarding length of a marital relationship. Divorce also effects the perception of cohabitation. Individuals from divorced families preferred cohabitation over marriage, and were more likely to say that they did not want to get married in comparison to adults from intact families (Tasker, 2002). Religiosity was also negatively associated with cohabitation (Willoughby and Carroll, 2010).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe study examined the marital expectation of young females in Oke Ero Local Government. The study focused on extent to which variables such as age, religion, family type and educational status influence marital expectations of young females in Oke Ero L.G.A. The research adopted survey research design method. The population of the study comprised of all the 18,612 young females in Oke Ero L.G.A. Proportional sampling technique was used to select 2% of 18,612 young female in Oke Ero L.G. ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIX 1UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, ILORININSTITUTE OF EDUCATIONDEPARTMENT OF COUNSELLOR EDUCATIONQUESTIONNAIRE ON MARITAL EXPECTATION OF YOUNG FEMALES This questionnaire is designed to elicit information on “marital expectations of young female in Oke Ero Local Government Areaâ€. You are requested to respond to the questions to the items honestly such responses are for academic purpose and will be strictly treated as confidential. Thank you for your usual cooperation.SECTION A : De ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSCONTENTS Title page Certification Dedication Acknowledgements Table of Contents Abstract CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTIONBackground to the Study Statement of the Problem Research Questions Research Hypotheses Purpose of the Study Significance of the Study Scope of the Study Operational Definition of Terms CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREConcept of Marital Expectation Concept of Young F ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Scope of the Study This study focused on marital expectations of young females in Oke Ero Local Government. Hence, the study waslimited to young females in Oke Ero Local Government. Moderating variables of age, religion, family type and educational background were considered as they affect their marital expectations. Purposive sampling technique was used to select young female in Oke Ero local government while questionnaire was the instrument for obtaining information pertaining to marital ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Reliability of the Instrument Reliability refers to the consistency with which the instrument measures what it purports to measure (Kolawole, 2002). The reliability of this instrument was carried out using test re-test technique. The instrument was administered twice to young female in Offa local government for the pilot study outside the study area with interval of four weeks. The result of the first administration was compared with the result of the second administration using Pearson Pr ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]Hypothesis Three:There is no significant difference in the marital expectations of young females in Oke-Ero LGA based on family structure.Table 5 shows that, under 418 degree of freedom (df), the calculated t-value of 1.92 is less than the critical t-value of 1.96. Similarly, the corresponding p-value of 0.06 is greater than the significant p-value of 0.05. This indicates that there was no significant difference in respondents’ marital expectations based on family structure; hence, the hy ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]ConclusionThe findings of the study revealed that marital expectations of young females in Oke-Ero LGA involves having a lifelong relationship, getting married when they are adult, couple’s supporting family financially, being submissive to their spouses, that their marriage should be fulfilling and satisfying even when raising children and to earn income in order to improve their marital life. There was no significant difference in the marital expectations of young females in Oke-Ero LGA ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]REFERENCESAddai, J. & Trovato, L. (1999). Self-directed, therapist directed, and assessment-based interventions for premarital couples. Family Relations, 56, 279-290.Addai, K. (1999); Personality and temperament correlates of marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality, 67, 93-125.Alexander, K. (2008). Epilogue: A strengths-based conceptual framework for understanding families world-wide. Marriage & Family Review, 41, 447.Amato, P. R. (2000). The consequences of divorce for adults and children. ... Continue reading---
