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Influence Of Polygamy On Behaviour Patterns Of In-school Adolescent As Expressed By Secondary School Teachers
[A CASE STUDY OF ILORIN METROPOLIS]
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Influence of polygamy on adolescent behaviour patterns
In
communities that practise polygamous marriage children are raised to
perceive themselves not as autonomous individuals, but as deeply
interdependent with their community. No boundaries exist separating one
family (nuclear or extended) from another. There may be a reduction in
the amount of supervision and parental attention received by each child
(especially from the father) and a lack of parental role models because
of conflict between and among parents (Chapman, 2000).
Children may
sometimes become the displaced targets of their parents’ frustrations
and be treated as scapegoats. This may weaken the parent-child bond,
thus reducing the child’s emotional satisfaction and emotional security.
Children of polygamous marriages exhibit higher levels of envy,
conflict, emotional stress, tension, insecurity and anxiety than
children of monogamous marriages. (Elbedour, Bart, & Hektner, 2003).
They have a more negative self-concept, perhaps because of increased
competition among mixed siblings for an important place in the family.
(Owuamanam, 1984) They can also present with a variety of behavioural
problems and below average academic achievement (AI-Krenawi , Graham
& AlKrenawi, 1997).
It is also possible that large families may
suffer from limited resources (time, energy, money per child) and these
insufficiencies may directly undermine children’s achievement in school.
The average achievement scores of children from polygynous families are
significantly lower than those of children from monogamous families.
(Cherian, 1990: Al-Krenawi & Lightman, 2000) However, examination of
scholastic achievement differences among adolescents has shown no
deleterious effects of polygamy on achieement level. (Al-Krenawi etals
1997 and Elbedour, Onwuegbuzie & Alatamin 2003) Adolescents usually
do not feel themselves to be stigmatised and do not perceive their
family structure to be disadvantaged. They tend to be more resourceful
and better equipped to adjust to any adverse circumstances. The values
that support the polygamous family are the same as the values within
that community at large (Elbedour etals, 2003). The members tend to have
the same patterns of child rearing, providing youths with the same
development and opportunities, and ensuring that their approaches to
living, thinking, and problem solving are similar. The youth develop
strong social networks with their peers as they grow up (many of the
youth’s peers will be members of the extended family) (Elbedour etals,
2003). The youth’s community of peers overlaps with the extended family
in terms of behavioural and cultural influences. Differences melt away
because they go to the same school and place of worship together, and
share the same games and television shows. Therefore the distinction
between home and the outside world (community of peers) hardly exists in
this community. It was also found by Matthews and Siegel (1978) and
Bortner, Rosenman and Friedman (1970) that parental attributes,
behaviour and performance standards influence the offspring and probably
played an important role in the development of many facets of the Type A
behaviour patterns which include competitiveness and achievement
striving in children. Adult modelling and conditioning processes were
also found to affect competitive and aggressive behaviour in offspring
significantly. Some other factors that could give rise to the
development of Type A behavioural pattern in the family as highlighted
by Alao (1989) and Yahaya (1998) include (a) Emotional feelings of
social and psychological insecurity
(b) Social drives that have to be satisfied within individual’s environment and family expectation.
(c) Hasty desire for economic success and excessive quest for socioeconomic improvement.
(d) Time constraints or limits often imposed on task performance or on given assignments.
(e) Environmental or societal demand for incessant haste, hurry and excellence at work performance.
(f) Demand for acceleration of thoughts and actions in work settings.
(g) Stress and distress resulting from environmental challenges or unpleasant situations.
(h) Individuals’ desire to always compete in and to rush pace of activities even when there is no need for doing so.
(i) An individual’s over-ambition.
(j)
Award of honours and rewards to those who contribute and perform more
rapidly and aggressively in their fields of endeavour
Summary of the Reviewed Literature
The
studies reviewed in this chapter have helped the researcher to infer
that polygamy is a marriage which includes more than one partner and it
is a form of marriage that is practiced all over the world including
Nigeria for many centuries. The common reason for the practice of
polygamy in Nigeria includes among others prestige on the individual
involved, socio-cultural, economic and religious factors.
More so,
the studies in this chapter made it clear that the situation of polygamy
has a lot of effect on the entire household i.e. the mother, father and
most especially children in the area of behavioural development, for
instance the women and children in the polygamous family are at higher
risk of low self esteem, depression and other behavioural and
developmental problems.
The common effect of Polygamy is making a
conflict among wives. In Polygamy, conflict among wives usually arises
in the management of family. It is difficult for family management
especially to arrange and sharing the task. On the other hand, it is
difficult for husband to be fair to his wives.
The review exercise
shows that behaviour patterns is a dynamic and organised set of
characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influence his/her
cognition, motivation and behaviours in various situations. It was
reviewed that behaviour patterns among the adolescents cannot be
understood without considering some factors like family background. It
has been contended that the family factor is of paramount importance to
cognitive, affective and behavioural actions of individuals. It has also
been observed that many variables like the family type, family child
rearing practices, birth order and socio-economic status of the parent
affect the personality of the individual in the school. Various families
show different attitudes towards their children and both the favourable
and unfavourable attitudes of parents have effects on the personality
characteristics of their children in school.
The two major types of
personality or behaviour patterns identified are Type A and Type B
behaviour patterns. The Type A is a set of overt behaviour responses to
life challenges of environmental variables often aggravated by
situations which constitutes significant challenges in man’s life. The
relative absence of Type A characteristic defines the Type B behaviour
patterns.
The literature reviewed also indicated Adolescence has
been described as a period of transition from childhood to adulthood.
The period is characterised by different psychological, physical, social
and emotional changes.
Some of the characteristics of adolescent
behaviours as reviewed in the literature includes: curiosity, anxiety,
frustration, involvement in other risk taking behaviour, lethargy,
anger, experimentation, role confusion and argumentation.
The
influence of polygamy on adolescent behaviour pattern was also reviewed
and it was established that polygamous marriages exhibit higher level
envy, conflict, emotional stress, tensions, insecurity e.t.c. This study
therefore is aimed at finding out the influence of polygamy on
in-adolescent behaviour pattern as perceived by secondary school
teachers in Ilorin metropolis.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of polygamy on the behaviour patterns of in-school adolescent as expressed by secondary school teachers in Ilorin metropolis. The study also investigated whether or not there would be significant difference on the perception of respondent on the basis of gender, religion, marital status and educational qualification. Descriptive survey research procedure was adopted for the study. The purposive sampling and stratified random ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIXUNIVERSITY OF ILORINFACULTY OF EDUCATION,DEPARTMENT OF COUNSELLOR EDUCATIONINFLUENCE OF POLYGAMY ON THE BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS OF ADOLESCENT QUESTIONNAIRE†(IPBPAQ).Dear Respondents,This questionnaire is aimed at finding influence of polygamy on in-adolescent behaviour pattern as perceived by secondary school teachers in Ilorin metropolis. The questionnaire is designed mainly to find out your opinion on the influence of polygamy on in-adolescent behaviour patterns, therefore, any infor ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable 1: Distribution of Respondents by Gender Table 2: Distribution of Respondents by Religion Table 3: Distribution of Respondents by Marital Status Table 4: Distribution of Respondents by Educational Qualification Table 5: Rank Order Analysis of Influence of polygamy on Behaviour Patterns Table 6: Mean, Standard Deviation and t-value indicating the Influence of polygamy on Behaviour Patterns of In-school Adolescents in Ilorin Metropoli ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTITLE Title Page Approved Page Dedication Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables Abstract CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTIONBackground to the Study Statement of the Problems Research Questions Research Hypotheses Purpose o f the Study Significance of the Study Scope of the Study Operational Definition of Terms CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATUREPreamble Concept of Polygamy Concept of Behaviour Pattern Concept of Adolescence Characterist ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]The aim of this study is to find out the
influence of polygamy on the behaviour patterns of in-school adolescents
as expressed by secondary school teachers in Ilorin Metropolis, with a
view to investigating the relationship that exist between polygamy and
behaviour patterns of in-school adolescents.Statement of the ProblemPolygamous
family is characterised by unhealthy rivalry and competitions which in
turn may have a lot influence on childrearing practices and behaviour
patterns o ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]The psychometric analysis of the instrument was based on the validity
and reliability measures. The properties are presented thus;ValidityAdewumi
(1998) noted that a measuring instrument is described as valid when it
measures truly and accurately the quality it is meant to measure.
Validity is one of the most crucial psychometric properties of
measurement and it is concerned with whether a test or scale really
measures what it purports to measure. In order to ascertain the validity
... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]Table 2 shows the ranking of the items contained in the questionnaire on influence of polygamy on behaviour patterns. Items, 6, 1, 3 and 5 ranked as top three items. Item 6 which states that “enhanced competitivenessâ€, ranked first with a mean score of 3.30. Item 1 which states that “fast driving ambition†ranked second with a mean score of 3.18. Item 3 which states that “time consciousness†also ranked second with a mean score of 3.18. However, items 4, 12, a ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Conclusion This study investigated the influence of
polygamy on the behaviour patterns of in-school adolescent as perceived
by secondary school teachers in Ilorin metropolis. Variables such as
gender, religion marital status and educational qualification were used
to determine the difference or otherwise among the respondents. The
following conclusions were drawn from the findings:1. There is no
significant difference in the influence of polygamy on the beh ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]REFERENCESAdana, B.S. (1996). Statistical methods for students: A de-mystifying approach (2nd ed.). Ilorin: University of Ilorin Press.Adewunmi, O. (1998). Introduction to education measurement and evaluation. Ilorin: Gbenle Press Ltd. Alao, I.A. (1989). Behaviour patterns and style of achievement string of Nigeria secondary students. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.Altman I, Ginat J. (1996). Polygamous Families in Contemporary Society. New York: C ... Continue reading---
