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Patterns And Causes Of Juvenile Delinquency As Expressed By Secondary School Students
[A CASE STUDY OF IBARAPA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE]
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Psychometric Properties of the Instrument
The psychometric analysis of the instrument was based on the validity and reliability measure. The properties are presented thus;
Validity: Adewumi (1998) noted that a measuring instrument is described as valid when it measures truly and accurately the quality it is meant to measure. Validity is one of the most crucial psychometric properties of measurement and it is concerned with whether a test or scale really measures what it purports to measure. In order to ascertain the validity of the instrument, the draft of the questionnaire was submitted to the researcher’s supervisor and four other lecturers in the Department of Counsellor Education for vetting. After making corrections, the final draft was submitted to the researcher’s supervisor and it was adjudged suitable for this study.
Reliability: According to Olayiwola (2007), reliability is the degree of consistency with which an instrument measures a construct over time. It has to do with consistency and stability of an instrument or test. Adana (1996) stated that a test could be said to be reliable if consistently and under varying conditions it measures what it ought to measure. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained by using the test re-test reliability method. The instrument was administered to a group of twenty (20) students in Ibarapa Local Government Area who did not form part of the respondents for the study and after an interval of four weeks; the same instrument was re-administered to the same group of people. The two sets of scores were correlated using Pearson Product Moment Correlation formula. The correlation co-efficient obtained was 0.72. Based on this, the instrument was adjudged reliable for the study.
Procedure for Data collection
The researcher personally administers the instrument on the selected respondents with the help of research assistants. The researcher explains the purpose of the study to the respondents and what they are expected to do. She assures the respondents of adequate confidentiality. Each of the respondents was required to complete the questionnaire on the spot which enhanced retrieval process.
Procedure for Scoring the Instrument
Section A consists of four items which deals with demographic data was score and analyze statistically using frequency counts and percentage. Section “B†and “C†consists of have twenty (20) items. The instrument was scored on a four (4) point Likert type of rating scale as follows:
Strongly Agree (SA) = 4 points
Agree (A) = 3 points
Disagree (D) = 2 points
Strongly Disagree (SD) = 1 point
Method of Data Analysis
The data obtained was analyzed using frequency counts and percentages for the demographic data section. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and t-test were used to compare the mean of different groups according to the study. The t-test statistical method was used to compare the means of two groups. This is in agreement with Adana (1996) that t-test is a non-parametric test which is often used to compare means of two groups such as male and female, old and young. In view of this, hypothesis 1, 2, 5 and 6 were tested using t-test, while hypotheses 3 and 4 were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). This is in agreement with the assertion of Adana (1996) that Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is an inferential technique for comparing means of three or more groups. All the hypotheses formulated for the study were tested at 0.05 level of significance.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe challenges of adolescents are enormous simply because of diverse growth and development that characterized this stage, this lead many adolescents into delinquent behaviours. This study thus investigated the patterns and causes of delinquent behaviours as expressed by secondary school students in Ibarapa Local Government Area, Oyo State. The study also examined the influence of variables such as gender, age and residential area on respondents’ expressions. Descriptive survey de ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]SECTION C: Causes of Juvenile DelinquencyDirection: Kindly put a tick ( ) in the column that you consider as most applicable to you. There is no right or wrong responses. Please respond to all items as honestly as possible using the rating scales: SA - Strongly Agree; A - Agree; D – Disagree and SD - Strongly Disagree. ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLES Title 1. Demographic characteristics of respondents 2. Mean and rank order of patterns of juvenile delinquency among students 3. Mean and rank order of causes of juvenile delinquency 4. Mean, SD and t-test results comparing respondents’ expression on patterns of juvenile delinquency based on gender 5. Mean, SD and t-test results comparing respondents’ expression o ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSContent Title page Certification Dedication Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables Abstract CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTIONBackground to the Study Statement of the Problem Research Questions Research Hypotheses Purpose of the Study Significance of the Study Operational Definition of Terms Scope of the Study CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATUREConcept of Adolescence Concept of Juvenile Delinquency Theories of Juvenile Delinquency Age and Juvenile Delinquen ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Studies have been conducted on juvenile delinquency, for instance, Hoeve, Dubas, Eichelsheim, Laan, and Jan (2009) carried out a meta-analysis study on the relationship between parenting and delinquency. The study found strong link among parental monitoring, psychological control and negative aspects of support such as rejection and hostility, accounting for up to eleven percent of the variance in delinquency. Ekpo and Ajake (2013) studied family socio-economic status and delinquency among senio ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 10 ]The juvenile delinquency is expression of unsatisfied desires and urges. For a delinquent, his deviant act is a normal response to his inner desire. Like a non delinquent a delinquent is also conditioned by various attending and prevailing circumstances around him. A juvenile delinquent is a person who has been so adjudicated by a judicial court though he may be no different from other children who are not delinquent. Delinquency is an act, conduct or interaction which is socially undesirable (T ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]Research Question 2: What are the causes of juvenile delinquency among secondary school students in Ibarapa Local Government Area?Table 3 depicts the mean and rank order of respondents’ responses on causes of juvenile delinquency. The table shows that the respondents agreed to all the identified items as causes of juvenile delinquencies as the response scores are above average mean score of 2.5. However, items 1, 4, 12, 5 and 3 were ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th with mean scores of 3. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]RecommendationsThe following recommendations were made based on the findings of the study:1. Parents and the society should provide for the needs of adolescents (most especially the basic needs) so that they can be prevented from engaging in delinquent behaviours that may negatively influence their future.2. The school authorities should monitor students’ activities and encourage them on the needs to associate with peers that help them improve in their academic pursuits and mo ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Smetana, J. G., Campione,-Barr, N. & Metzger, A. (2006). Adolescent development in interpersonal and societal contexts. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 255-284.Snyder, H, N. & Sickmund, M. (2006). Juvenile offenders and victims. 2006 national report. Washington DC, US department of Justice, Office of Justice programmes office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Steinberg, L. & Monahan, K. C. (2007). Age differences in resistance to peer influence. Development Psychology 43(6): 1531- ... Continue reading---
