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Patterns And Causes Of Juvenile Delinquency As Expressed By Secondary School Students
[A CASE STUDY OF IBARAPA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE]
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CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Preamble
This study investigated the patterns and causes of juvenile delinquency as expressed by secondary school students in Ibarapa Local Government Area, Oyo State. The study examined the influence of demographic variables of gender, age and residence area on respondents’ views. Six null hypotheses postulated for this study were tested at 0.05 alpha level using t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistics. This chapter thus presents the discussion of findings, conclusion and recommendations based on the findings of the study.
Discussion
The findings of this study revealed that the major patterns of juvenile delinquency among secondary schools in Ibarapa Local Government Area area are school violence, examination malpractice, bullying of other students, sexual immorality, involvement in graffiti behaviour and using abusive language in school and public places. The findings depict conventional behaviour adolescents usually engage in. These are behaviours that are commonly found among adolescents. The findings of this study is similar with the finding of Sanni, Nsisong, Abayomi, Modo and Leonard (2010) which associated adolescents’ delinquent behaviours to violence, rape, examination malpractices, and bullying among others. Eke (2004) also include sexual immorality, graffiti behaviour and using abusive language in the host of delinquent behaviours among adolecsents.
The findings also revealed that juvenile delinquency among secondary schools in Ibarapa LGA area is caused by negative influence of mass media, unmet needs of adolescents, broken home, single parenting and peer pressure. This finding corroborates the findings of Okorodudu (2010) which noted that unmet needs of youths by the family, neighbourhood or traditional community institutions and government are the major causes of delinquency among adolescents. Studies have indicated that the family environment is an important variable in the development of delinquency. Wright and Wright (1995) study revealed that single-parent families produce more delinquent children than two-parent families. Many researchers agree that the foundation of adolescent delinquency is rooted in the kind of home the adolescent is brought up (Utti, 1996; Odebunmi, 2007; Otuadah, 2008). In view of this, Okpako (2004) opined that the parents should be blamed and be made to take responsibility for the misfortunes that befall the adolescents.
Violence depicted in the media is unreal and has a surrealistic quality; wounds bleed less, and the real pain and agony resulting from violent actions are very rarely shown, so the consequences of violent behaviour often seem negligible (Bartol & Bartol, 2009). The American Psychological Association has reviewed the evidence and has concluded that television violence accounts for about 10 per cent of aggressive behaviour among children (American Psychological Association, 1993).
Peer pressure influence is a very powerful motivator in a student life. Studies such as (Dishion, Andrews & Crosby, 1999; Dishion & Medici-Skaggs, 2000) have found that Gangs, peer groups vary in their overall rates of deviance, but if one member of a group engages in problem behaviour, a high probability exists that other members will do the same. It was also reported that adolescents’ exposure to delinquent peers is linked to increases in a wide range of delinquent behaviours like drug use, covert antisocial behaviour, violent offenses, early and high-risk sexual behaviour.
The first hypothesis revealed that there is no significant difference in the patterns of juvenile delinquency as expressed by secondary school students in Ibarapa Local Government Area on the basis of gender. This implies that male and female respondents’ are no different in their expression on patterns of juvenile delinquency. This might be because they are all adolescents and are bound to experience same developmental influence that may lead them to delinquent behaviours. The findings of this study is relevant with the finding of Abrifor, Oludele and Soetan (2015) where gender was found to have no significant difference in the patterns of youth criminality based on age.
The second hypothesis showed no significant difference in the causes of juvenile delinquency as expressed by secondary school students in Ibarapa Local Government Area on the basis of gender. This means that male and female secondary school students’ expression is not different on the causes of juvenile delinquency. The implication of this is that both male and female would have been susceptible and experienced to factors that might lead one into delinquency. This finding supports the view of Snyder and Sickmund (2006) that males are more likely to participate in delinquency compared to females.
Hypothesis three revealed no significant difference in the patterns of juvenile delinquency as expressed by secondary school students in Ibarapa Local Government Area on the basis of age. This means that age has no influence on the expression of the respondents on patterns of juvenile delinquencies. This finding negates the finding of Animasahun and Aremu (2015) who found that age influence adolescents involvement in delinquent behaviours. This may due to the fact that as an individual is growing into maturity, he/she tends to inculcate or put-on adult behaviour to signify movement from adolescence to adulthood.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe challenges of adolescents are enormous simply because of diverse growth and development that characterized this stage, this lead many adolescents into delinquent behaviours. This study thus investigated the patterns and causes of delinquent behaviours as expressed by secondary school students in Ibarapa Local Government Area, Oyo State. The study also examined the influence of variables such as gender, age and residential area on respondents’ expressions. Descriptive survey de ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]SECTION C: Causes of Juvenile DelinquencyDirection: Kindly put a tick ( ) in the column that you consider as most applicable to you. There is no right or wrong responses. Please respond to all items as honestly as possible using the rating scales: SA - Strongly Agree; A - Agree; D – Disagree and SD - Strongly Disagree. ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLES Title 1. Demographic characteristics of respondents 2. Mean and rank order of patterns of juvenile delinquency among students 3. Mean and rank order of causes of juvenile delinquency 4. Mean, SD and t-test results comparing respondents’ expression on patterns of juvenile delinquency based on gender 5. Mean, SD and t-test results comparing respondents’ expression o ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSContent Title page Certification Dedication Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables Abstract CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTIONBackground to the Study Statement of the Problem Research Questions Research Hypotheses Purpose of the Study Significance of the Study Operational Definition of Terms Scope of the Study CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATUREConcept of Adolescence Concept of Juvenile Delinquency Theories of Juvenile Delinquency Age and Juvenile Delinquen ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Studies have been conducted on juvenile delinquency, for instance, Hoeve, Dubas, Eichelsheim, Laan, and Jan (2009) carried out a meta-analysis study on the relationship between parenting and delinquency. The study found strong link among parental monitoring, psychological control and negative aspects of support such as rejection and hostility, accounting for up to eleven percent of the variance in delinquency. Ekpo and Ajake (2013) studied family socio-economic status and delinquency among senio ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 10 ]The juvenile delinquency is expression of unsatisfied desires and urges. For a delinquent, his deviant act is a normal response to his inner desire. Like a non delinquent a delinquent is also conditioned by various attending and prevailing circumstances around him. A juvenile delinquent is a person who has been so adjudicated by a judicial court though he may be no different from other children who are not delinquent. Delinquency is an act, conduct or interaction which is socially undesirable (T ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Psychometric Properties of the Instrument The psychometric analysis of the instrument was based on the validity and reliability measure. The properties are presented thus;Validity: Adewumi (1998) noted that a measuring instrument is described as valid when it measures truly and accurately the quality it is meant to measure. Validity is one of the most crucial psychometric properties of measurement and it is concerned with whether a test or scale really measures what it purports to measure. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 7 ]Research Question 2: What are the causes of juvenile delinquency among secondary school students in Ibarapa Local Government Area?Table 3 depicts the mean and rank order of respondents’ responses on causes of juvenile delinquency. The table shows that the respondents agreed to all the identified items as causes of juvenile delinquencies as the response scores are above average mean score of 2.5. However, items 1, 4, 12, 5 and 3 were ranked 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th with mean scores of 3. ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Smetana, J. G., Campione,-Barr, N. & Metzger, A. (2006). Adolescent development in interpersonal and societal contexts. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 255-284.Snyder, H, N. & Sickmund, M. (2006). Juvenile offenders and victims. 2006 national report. Washington DC, US department of Justice, Office of Justice programmes office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Steinberg, L. & Monahan, K. C. (2007). Age differences in resistance to peer influence. Development Psychology 43(6): 1531- ... Continue reading---
