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Effect Of Cognitive Restructuring And Shaping Techniques In Handling Lateness To School Among Secondary School Students
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Significance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Research Questions
Hypotheses
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 12
Conceptual Framework
The concept of cognitive restructuring
The concept of shaping
The concept of lateness
Theoretical Framework
Theories of cognitive restructuring
Theories of shaping
Lateness
Empirical Framework
Empirical studies on effect of cognitive restructuring on changing undesirable behaviour.
Empirical studies on effect of shaping
on changing undesirable behaviour.
Empirical studies on lateness.
Summary of Related Literature Review
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD
Research Design
Area of the Study
Population of the Study
Sample and Sampling Technique
Instrument for Data Collection
Validation of Instrument
Method of Data Collection
Experimental Procedure
Control of Extraneous Variables
Method of Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
Summary of Findings
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Discussion of Findings
Conclusion
Implications of the Study to Counselling
Recommendations
Limitations of the Study
Suggestions for Further Studies
References
Appendices
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT The study was on the effect of cognitive restructuring and shaping techniques in reducing lateness among secondary school students. The study was carried out in Udi Local Government Area of Enugu State using quasi-experimental design. Two hundred and sixty-five (265) latecomers made up the population of the study, while ninety (90) latecomers made up the sample. An observation guide designed by the researcher was used for data collection. Three research questions were answered using ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ] ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX C - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]Day 7 (7th session) MondayObjective: Cumulative effect of lateness and lateness- provoked behaviours.Step 1: The researcher warmly welcomed the students, saying: My beloved students, welcome to another session of the programme. I hope that as much as we have gone, you are now convinced that lateness to school is bad. Therefore, every effort should be made to avoid being late to school. Today, we will discuss more of the adverse effect of lateness in terms of its cumulative effect and other b ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX B - [ Total Page(s): 11 ]APPENDIX 2SPSS OUTPUT ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE DATA COLLECTED ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable 1 Diagrammatic representation of the experimental designTable 2 Pretest and posttest scores of number of days the of the students who received cognitive restructuring and those in the control groupTable 3 Frequency of students’ magnitude of lateness after receiving cognitive restructuring and the control groupTable 4 Pretest and posttest scores of number of days the of the students who received shaping technique and those in the control groupTab ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]It is important to note that these techniques have proved effective in handling some problem behaviours. For instance, Chukwunonyem (2001) used cognitive restructuring technique to change pupils’ behaviour in mathematics, and Isaac (as cited in Akinade & Adedipe, 1994) used shaping successfully to reinstate verbal behaviour in hospitalized psychotics. Therefore, it is hoped that the techniques will also be effective in handling lateness among students.Statement of the ProblemMany seco ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 9 ]Theories of ShapingShaping is one of the techniques derived from operant conditioning theory. The theory postulates that human behaviour can be acquired, maintained and therefore controlled by its consequences. Thus the frequency of a response may increase or decrease behaviours depending on whether the outcome of the response is pleasant or aversive (Essuman, Nwaogu, & Nwachuku, 1990).According to Colman (2003), shaping involves gradual building up of a desired pattern of behaviour by selective ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]CHAPTER THREERESEARCH METHODThis chapter is concerned with the method and procedures that were used to conduct the study. Specifically, it described the following:• Research Design• Area of the Study• Population of the Study• Sample and Sampling Technique• Instrument for Data Collection• Validation of Instrument• Reliability of Instrument• Method of Data Collection• Experimental Proced ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 8 ]Table 4 shows that after receiving shaping technique therapy, one out of the 30 students who were late for 20 days before the treatment came late for 12 days, 5 of them came late for 14 days, 6 came late for 15 days, 2 came late for 16 days, 5 of them came late for 17 days and 5 of them came late for 18 days. Also 5 of the students came late for 19 days while one of them came late for 20 days, showing no change in behaviour.Again 2 of the 30 students in the control group came late for 18 days, 3 ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]ConclusionsFrom the discussions, lateness to school has been in existence and people have been contemplating and participating in the battle against the ugly behaviour. Today, the findings of this study have opened the doors of hope.First and foremost, cognitive restructuring has been found to be effective in reducing both the number of days of lateness and magnitude of lateness of habitual latecomers. Also, shaping technique has been found to be very effective not only in reducing the number of ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]REFERENCESAdebayo, P.O. (Ed.). (1975). Principles of education and practice of education. Ado-Ekiti: Omalayo Standard Press.Adejumo, D. Adamolekun (1993). Adolescent psychology. in A. Aladejana, D. Adajumo, O. Makinde & A. Uba. (eds.) Essentials of educational foundation and counselling. Ibadan: Claverum Press.Adeloye, J. T. (2001). Patterns of child abuse in kano metropolis. Ahmadu Bello University. Journal of counselling and human development, 1(1), 118–125.Afolagbe, E. O. (1983). P ... Continue reading---
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT The study was on the effect of cognitive restructuring and shaping techniques in reducing lateness among secondary school students. The study was carried out in Udi Local Government Area of Enugu State using quasi-experimental design. Two hundred and sixty-five (265) latecomers made up the population of the study, while ninety (90) latecomers made up the sample. An observation guide designed by the researcher was used for data collection. Three research questions were answered using ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS -- [Total Page(s) 1]
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TABLE OF CONTENTS -- [Total Page(s) 1]
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