Influence Of Family Background On Academic Performance Of Secondary School Students
[A CASE STUDY OF ILORIN SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA KWARA STATE, NIGERIA]

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
    The purpose of this chapter is to examine previous work relevant to the present study. A search through the literature revealed very rich information regarding the family background and academic performance of student in secondary schools.
    The review of related literature in this section is divided into the following sub-headings:
-    Parental environment and academic performance of students.
-    Socio-economic status and academic performance of students.
-    Family size and academic performance
-    Parental career development and student academic performance.
-    Factors responsible for divorce
-    Parent and child relationship and academic performance of students.
-    Instructional materials and academic performance of students.
-    Effect of marital problems on students’ academic achievement.
-    Summary of the review of related literature
Parental environment and academic performance of students
    Nwosu (2006) believe that the parental is the first school of learning of any child Taiwo (2007) maintained that the parental has a very important role to play in the individual’s education. The importance of the parental lies on the fact that not only does the parental educational role precede that of the school, it starts at critical period in the individual’s life thus, if the parental fulfill its educational functions, we can be sure that firm basis would have been established for the school to build upon.
    Oloruntimilehin (2008) believes that the environment in to which a person is born and those which are automatically assigned with the passage of time affect the intellectual development of a child. Only the most native believes that a child’s academic performance is a simple function of his innate ability. Minner (2003), is of the opinion that environmental factors do play a large role on the child’s academic performance, parental, according to Ajila and Olutola (2004), laid the psychological as well as the spiritual foundation which the father and mother are thoroughly involved. This statement is supported by Yusuf (2008) that parental is the bedrock of a child because it introduces the child growth, psychological and sociological development. It could be concluded that home plays the most significant role in shaping the personality pattern of an individual especially at the early stage.
    Moreso, Ogunlade (2002), was specific about the relationship between the parental and the academic performance of the child in order words; he believes that the parental has a lot of influence on the child’s academic performance. Obemeta (2003), stated that rural children usually perform below their urban area counterpart. The researcher believes that the parental that is calm and peaceful enhance the learning and his will improve the children performance in the schools.
    Haveman Wolfe (2004), opined that the final educational achievement of a child is the outcome of a very complex decision process involving choices and decision by Government, parental and children’s. Parental education is likely to be an important factor for educational outcome of children. Parental are potential models for their children. A home with literate parental having books on the shelf is likely to make reading more natural probably also more capable of helping children with school home work.
Obayan and Jimoh - Cook (2001) lamented that the theories of family interaction and structure have been based on the assumption that individual development is a function of multiplicity of interaction and influence occurring in the context of the whole family. Child rearing and socialization are the major function of the parental from the moment of birth; the child must be cared for and proper care from the beginning ahs a great of impact on the development of the child. Ezewu (2002), support by stating that no other agency of socialization is as important to the total make-up of the child as the parental. The child’s primary socialization begins at home, which has the real prime and lasting influence on the child. Therefore, the parental becomes a very important area of examination as it relates to the academic activities. Daramola (2006), also saying that parental play the most significant role in the development of children.