Instructional materials and academic performance of students
B. Jorkhmd (2008), argued that young children are permitted to use organizational schemes that reflect their world knowledge, relation among the task stimuli are easily activated, resulting in elevated levels of performance. However, when the match between a child’s knowledge structure and the learning material is not obtained, substantially, greater cognitive effort is required for successful task evaluation and consequently the young child’s performance suffers.
Effect of marital problems on student academic achievement
Adesina (2004) stated that in one parent family where it is the father who dies. Such family consists of a single woman with children of their own. Her chief problem is a financial one. She is now more dependent on the resources that have been left to her. She is equally faced wit the choice of keeping and supporting the children herself or allowing them to be adopted by some families able to provide a more sense and comfortable home. He stressed further that children in type of situation are likely to suffer from inadequate father control. Earlier studies like Fein (2005) show that children from families where the father has been away at last within the first five years of their lives have difficulties in establishing and maintaining genuine relationship with adult as well as peers.
Sugland, Morrison and Blumenthal (2006), stated in the report that disruption if parent marriage and living with a single parent are related to earlier outset of adolescent misbehaviours and educational backwardness. These researchers speculate that this finding may be explained by lower family incomes, disadvantaged neighborhoods, less supervision and parental modeling and more permissive attitudes in single parent families. Kurdekand Siesty (2007) believes that children from broken home may suffer academically. Teresa (2008) in his research shows that marital problem like divorce has a very great influence on academic performance of children.
Summary of the review of related literature
Several authorities shave contributed immensely on the topic: through their work, the family background and academic performance of secondary school student in Ilorin South Local Government.
The review of related literature in the study indicated that the parental environment, socio-economic status, parental career, family size, instrumental, materials, divorce, in one way or the child’s academic performance in general. Increase rate of instability and divorce are not as pronounced in the olden days and even hardly noticed, but with advance technology, modernization and industrialization, the rate began and has since been on the increase.
Many reasons have been advanced as responsible for marital instability and divorce. It includes wife battery, the principle of M.I.S. (money, in-laws and sex). Inadequate periods of courtship the age marriage, a lot of other causes and sex-related problems.
Family backgrounds have been found to have social, psychological and educational effects on the children, the couples themselves and the society at large.