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Knowledge Practice Of Contraceptives Among Female Students
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
UNAIDS (2007) estimated that 33.2 million
women had HIV infection worldwide. In many regions of the world more
women than men are at risk of HIV infection with not less 50% of all new
daily infections in sub-Saharan Africa being in women. Children account
for 12% of all new infections and globally 2.5 million children less
than 15years of age were living with HIV in 2007, about 1,200 children
under the age of 15years became infected with HIV daily (UNAID/WHO,
2007), without appropriate care and treatment, more than 50% of newly
infected children will die before the second birthday. In 2008, around
430,000 children under 15years become infected with HIV, mainly through
mothers –to child transmission (MTCT), infection occurred in Africa
where AIDS is beginning to reverse decades of steady progress in child
survival. In high income countries MTCT has been virtually eliminated
thanks to effective HIV counseling and testing, access to antiretroviral
therapy ART, Safe delivery practices, and the widespread availability
and safe use of breast-milk substitutes. If these interventions were
used worldwide, they could save the lives of thousands of children each
year. Owing to the transmissibility of HIV from mother to child, the
feeding of HIV-exposed infants remains a significant challenge in
controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS. The dilemma concerning feeding
infants of HIV-positive mothers is how to balance the risk of HIV
transmission through breastfeeding with the risk of death from causes
other than HIV such as pneumonia, diarrhoeal diseases and malnutrition
among formula-fed infants (WHO, 2010). Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)
plays a critical role in the overall health of infants. It is estimated
that 3% of all under-5 mortalities in low-income countries could be
prevented through optimal breastfeeding during the crucial first year of
life (WHO, 2013). Optimal breastfeeding is considered to be EBF for the
first 6 months of life, followed by continued breastfeeding combined
with safe and nutritionally adequate complementary feeding up to 24
months of age (WHO, 2009).EBF is regarded as a global health goal given
its strong association with reduced morbidity and mortality,
particularly in low-income countries where safe water and sanitation are
often lacking. The HIV/AIDS epidemic is one of the major factors
challenging women's health with 20 million women living with the virus
and more than 2 million pregnancies occurring in HIV sero-positive women
annually. Thus, HIV infection has become a major problem complicating
the management of pregnancy. In Africa, HIV prevalence varies
considerably, with most countries in Southern Africa having more than
one in five pregnant women infected, and in a few sub-Saharan countries,
median HIV prevalence in antenatal clinics in 2003 exceeded 10%
(McIntyre,2005). As at 2005 the prevalence in Nigeria was 4. 4%, and by
the end of 2006, it was estimated that there are 2. 99 million Nigerians
living with HIV, with 305, 080 adult new infections and 74, 520 in
children, largely (up to 90%) acquired through mother-to-child
transmission (MTCT).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Access to contraceptive has become increasingly crucial for adolescents because many are sexually active at earlier ages than in the past. This will further compound overall levels of maternal mortality in Nigeria tertiary institutions.This research was specifically designed to determine the knowledge and utilization of contraceptives among female students in Delta State University, Abraka. A total of 107 questionnaires were distributed and 97 were retrieved. majority of respondents were within ... Continue reading---
