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Knowledge Practice Of Contraceptives Among Female Students
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Between 25 and 44% of mother-to-child transmission
(MTCT) of HIV occurs through breastfeeding (FMOH, 2007) The promotion of
breastfeeding is a key component of infant health polices globally
because of its obvious health benefits. It is widely practiced not only
in Nigeria, but most of Africa, as it is socially and culturally
acceptable and natural. However, in the present context of HIV epidemic,
this has become a public health dilemma as the overwhelming source of
HIV infection in young children is through MTCT (FMOH, 2007). There is
also the dilemma of infant feeding decisions by HIV sero-positive
mothers, because most breast milk transmission of HIV- 1 occurs in the
first four months of life, a time when replacement feeding carries the
greatest risk of increasing infectious disease morbidity and the
benefits of the breastfeeding are highest. In developing countries,
decisions regarding the best mode of infant feeding can be difficult due
to social, economic and practical constraints. The relative risks of
morbidity and mortality associated with replacement feeding vary
according to many factors: the environment, individual circumstances of
the mother and her family including her education and economic status
(WHO, 2004). The WHO/UNAIDS strategic response to prevention of HIV
infection in infants centered on four 'pillars': primary prevention of
infection generally in women, prevention of transmission from HIV
infected women to their infants and provision of treatment, care and
support to HIV infected women and their families (WHO, 2004) . Thus, the
option most likely to be chosen by HIV infected women who do not wish
to risk breastfeeding their infants is replacement feeding with formula
or other foods. However, WHO recommended that HIV infected women avoid
breastfeeding when replacement feeding is acceptable, feasible,
affordable, sustainable and safe (AFASS) (Throne C., Semenenko I.,
Pilipenko T., Malyuta, 2009). Most women in sub-Saharan Africa have
their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status diagnosed during
pregnancy because of testing available through programmes for the
prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. The programme
commenced in Nigeria in 2001, and has since undergone several scale-up
of both in scope and coverage mainly in secondary and tertiary health
facilities. Despite all these, participation/enrollment has been very
low. It is in the light of this, that an assessment of feeding practices
and determinants of feeding practices among HIV sero-positive mothers
was carried out in one each of secondary and tertiary health facilities
in Abuja, the capital of Nigeria, with a view of identifying relevant
and appropriate interventions for resolving some of the problems faced
by these mothers
PURPOSE /AIM OF STUDY The study is carried out to
explore the knowledge and practice of safe infant feeding amongst
mothers living with HIV attending postnatal clinic of Central Hospital
Sapele, Delta State.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The 2010 HIV
Sero-prevalence sentinel survey conducted among women attending
antenatal clinics in Nigeria. Shows that HIV/AIDS is still on the
increase among pregnant women, HIV/AIDS still remain one of the leading
causes of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. According to
the study reports by the former Minister of Health Nigeria Professor
Onyebuchi Chukwu, the epidemic has affected all parts of the country
with varying degrees of severity. The current national prevalence of
4.1%, the number of people infected is estimated at about 3.1 million.
This means that Nigeria still has the second largest number of people
living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa and the highest in West
African Sub-region. As at 2009, there were 1,074 health facilities where
HIV counselling and testing services can be accessed. Presently there
are 875 facilities providing services on PMTCT of HIV and 393 health
facilities providing Anti-retroviral drugs. The problem is; are they
adequately utilised? Very few persons go to such centres. Despite the
awareness of HIV/AIDS and the facilities provided by the Government of
Nigeria, most HIV positive pregnant women are still reluctant to enroll
for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programmes. In
order to offer better services, the attitude of the women to child
feeding would help programme designers to better understand the target
services audience for specific intervention (Bulawayo Health Services
report, 2006). The problems so identified above are not different from
what the researcher observed in Sapele. Hence this study which
investigated the knowledge and practice of infant feeding amongst
mothers living with HIV attending postnatal clinic.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Access to contraceptive has become increasingly crucial for adolescents because many are sexually active at earlier ages than in the past. This will further compound overall levels of maternal mortality in Nigeria tertiary institutions.This research was specifically designed to determine the knowledge and utilization of contraceptives among female students in Delta State University, Abraka. A total of 107 questionnaires were distributed and 97 were retrieved. majority of respondents were within ... Continue reading---
