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Influence Of Birth Order And Gender On Academic Achievement Of Secondary School Students
[A CASE STUDY OF OFFA LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF KWARA STATE]
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Ebegbulen (2004) see academic test as what is designed to measure how much an individual has accomplished in a course of instruction or training. He goes further to state that test given by teachers to measure achievement of a child is academic test. Other examples of academic test are the West Africa Senior Certificate Examination (WASSCE) the National Examination Council (NECO) end of year and terminal examinations. All these measure to a great extent the academic achievement of students exposed to training or course of instruction.
Tunaka (2003) stated that the type of family in which a child grows influences his/her performance both in academic and behavioural terms. His ascertain was supported values, and behaviours of their children (even in their teens) is in general and supreme. Academic achievement is better understood when described as a kin to attainment of level of proficiency after an instruction from a specific curriculum (Tumaka 2001). Thus, a person can be said to have performed or achieved high or low after an examination based on the received instruction during a course of study.
Birth Order: It can as well be referred to as ordinal position. Birth order is defined as a person’s rank by age among his or her siblings. Birth order often believed to have a profound and lasting effect psychological development. Birth order continues to have a strong presence in pop psychology and popular culture. Birth order refers to actual order in which child was born, that is, first, second third tenth eleventh and so on.
Gender: It is a range of characteristics used to distinguish between males and females particularly in the case of men and women and masculine and feminine attributes assigned to them. According to Breff (1999) and Riley (2007). Gender refers to the different role that men and women play in society, Moser, (2003) emphasized that gender roles are reflected ion virtually every social institutions including schools and health care systems. Gender has a powerful influence on academic achievement and behaviour.
Operational Definition of Terms
For the purpose of this study and clarification, certain terms are defined below as they are used in this study to bring out their meaning as they apply to the present study.
Academic Achievement: The level of proficiency attained in scholastic or academic work. This attainment can be either low or high. Low academic achievement is that performance that falls above specified standard.
The standard is known as pass – mark which is arbitrary and with different definitions. That is it is a performance that or dictates the pass-mark.
Ogundele (2000) refers to academic achievement as a measure of how much an individual has accomplished after he/she might have undergone a course of instruction or training. To him, it may be measured, in the school setting by the total score of the students in relation to the total score of the students in relation to the class test or examination.
Gender Discrimination: It is known as sex discrimination, is the practice of sexual discrimination, is the practice of letting a person’s sex unfairly become a factor when deciding who receives best education or goes to school. In an educational setting there could be claims that a student was excluded from an educational institution, program, opportunity, loan student group, or scholarship due to their gender. In housing setting there could be claims that a person was refused negotiations on seeking a house contracting/leasing a house or getting a loan based on their gender. Another setting where there have been claims of gender discrimination is banking; for example if one is refused credit or is offered unequal loan term based on one’s gender. Another setting where there is usually gender discrimination is when one is refused to extend their credit, refused approval of burden of unequal loan terms based on one’s gender.
Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is secondary school students in Offa Local Government of Kwara State. This school is taken as the research setting, because it is the place where genders are corrected. In other words, it is a place where birth order and gender can be found in large number.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT This study investigates the influence of birth order and gender on academic achievement of secondary students in Offa Local Government of Kwara State. The study became relevant due to the high rate of failure in our secondary schools. The data were obtained from 150 respondents using the simple random sample technique. In doing this the researcher selected ten (10) secondary school in Offa Local Government Area out of which fifteen (15) respondents were selected schools. While dat ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]APPENDIXUNIVERSITY OF ILORIN INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION INFLUENCE OF BIRTH ORDER AND GENDER ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE QUESTIONNAIRE (IBOGAPQ)Dear Respondent, This questionnaire is designed to investigate the influence of birthorder and gender on academic achievement of secondary school students in Ilorin metropolis. The study is for educational purpose only and therefore any response given will be treated with utmost confidentiality. SECTION A: (PERSONAL INFORMATION). Please tick ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Distribution of Respondents by Gender, Age, Marital Status, Year of Experience and Religion Table 2: Means and Rank Order of Responses to the Items on the Influence of Birth Order and Gender on Students Academic Achievement Table 3: Mean, Standard Deviation and t-value of Respondents on the factors influencing child’s academic performance on the basis of gender Table 4: ANOVA Result on the factor Influencing Child’s Academi ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle Page Approval Page Dedication Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables Abstract CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Statement of the Problem Research Questions Research Hypotheses Purpose of the Study Significance of the Study Operational Definition of Terms Scope of the Study CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction Concept of Academic Failure Factors Responsible for Academic Failure Concept of Pred ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]The parents
The parents being the closest link to the child at birth especially
the mother tends to create a conducive environment for the child which
involves feeling of safety, sense of belongings and some degree of
freedom. Duntoye (2002) established the planning which make them
to bit more than what they can show. The economic strength of parents
determines how they can help the child in the academic achievement in
life. Bukoye (2002) emphasized that parent ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Pilot Study To determine the usability of the instrument questionnaire for this
research was first administered to a group of forty (40) students that
represent the population of interest. The respondents responded to the
questionnaire and areas of difficulty were resolved. They were able to
respond to the items with little or no difficulty. Validity of the Instrument
When an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure, it can be
described as being valid. To ascertain t ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]Summary of the Findings The analysis of data on the study of
influence of birth order and gender on students’ achievement of
secondary schools in Offa Local Government Area of Kwara State revealed
that mistakes of the other sibling is the major factor influencing
students academic achievement and performance. This is followed by
inability of the parents to meet the needs of their children. This also
influences the students academic achievement. Equally, the
res ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Conclusion Based on the results of the various analysis in the study, the study came up with the following conclusion:
Factors that influence students’ academic performance and achievement
are mistakes of other sibling, inability of the parent to meet the needs
of their children; gender and birth order. Lack of guidance from older
siblings and parental separation and neglect. Also, the findings
revealed that there were no significant relationship in the influence o ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAdana, B.S. (1998). The school guidance programme. Guidance and Counselling in Education. INDEMAC (NIG) Publishers Limited, Ilorin. Addido, E.O. (1989). Effect of family types on academic performance of secondary school students in Ndoka Local Government Area of Bendel State. Unpublished M.Ed Dissertation, University of Ilorin, Ilorin. Adegbite, A.S. (1991). Parents’ attributions of students’ success and failure and academic performance of selected secondary school in I ... Continue reading---
