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Influence Of Birth Order And Gender On Academic Achievement Of Secondary School Students
[A CASE STUDY OF OFFA LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF KWARA STATE]
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CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Introduction
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of birth order and gender on students’ academic achievement as perceived by secondary school students in Offa Local Government Area of Kwara State. Two hundred (200) respondents were involved in the conduct of the study. An instrument tagged “Influence of Birth Order and Gender on Academic Performance Questionnaire (IBDGAPQ) was used to collect the required data for the investigation with respect to gender, age, marital status, year of experience and religion. Five null hypotheses were formulated and tested in the course of this study. This chapter, therefore, contains the discussion of findings, conclusion, implications of the findings, recommendations and suggestion for further studies.
Discussion of Findings
The analysis of responses to the twenty items revealed that item 8 was ranked 1st. This item stated that mistakes of other sibling can influence the child’s academic achievement. This agrees with the finding of Spauta and Paulson (1995) who found out the correlation between mistakes of other siblings and students’ academic achievement and performance. Also Iacovou (2001) found out the similar finding in his study of birth order and students’ academic achievement in Gboko, Benue State. In his study, he found out the positive relationship between birth order and students’ academic performance and achievement.
Item 19 which stated that inability of the parent to meet the ch1ild’s needs can influence his/her academic performance was ranked 2nd. This agrees with the finding of Rutteer, Moffilt and Caspi, (2006) who found that socio-economic status forms a huge part of determining factors of child’s academic achievement and performance. According to them children raised in poverty rarely choose to behave differently, but they are faced daily with overwhelming challenges that affluent children never have to confront, and their brains have adapted to suboptimal conditions in ways that undermine good school performance.
Item 1 which stated that child’s gender can influence his academic achievement in school is ranked 3rd. most studies show that, on average girls do better in school than boys. Girls get higher grades and complete high school at a higher rate compared to boys (Jacobs, 2002). Standardized achievement tests also show that females are better at spelling and perform better on tests of literacy, writing and general knowledge (National Center for Education Statistics, 2003).
Item 6 which stated that lack of guidance from elderly siblings can influence the child’s academic performance is ranked 4th. This agrees with the finding of Uba (1989) who found out that lack of guidance from the elderly sibling causes poor academic performance among the secondary school students. This is because, the oldest child is usually advantaged by a good deal of attention and birth during the early stage on age of life, which he entertains all alone (Uba, 1989). Therefore, he should guide his sibling in achieving sound academic achievement and performance in school.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT This study investigates the influence of birth order and gender on academic achievement of secondary students in Offa Local Government of Kwara State. The study became relevant due to the high rate of failure in our secondary schools. The data were obtained from 150 respondents using the simple random sample technique. In doing this the researcher selected ten (10) secondary school in Offa Local Government Area out of which fifteen (15) respondents were selected schools. While dat ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]APPENDIXUNIVERSITY OF ILORIN INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION INFLUENCE OF BIRTH ORDER AND GENDER ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE QUESTIONNAIRE (IBOGAPQ)Dear Respondent, This questionnaire is designed to investigate the influence of birthorder and gender on academic achievement of secondary school students in Ilorin metropolis. The study is for educational purpose only and therefore any response given will be treated with utmost confidentiality. SECTION A: (PERSONAL INFORMATION). Please tick ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Distribution of Respondents by Gender, Age, Marital Status, Year of Experience and Religion Table 2: Means and Rank Order of Responses to the Items on the Influence of Birth Order and Gender on Students Academic Achievement Table 3: Mean, Standard Deviation and t-value of Respondents on the factors influencing child’s academic performance on the basis of gender Table 4: ANOVA Result on the factor Influencing Child’s Academi ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle Page Approval Page Dedication Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables Abstract CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Background to the Study Statement of the Problem Research Questions Research Hypotheses Purpose of the Study Significance of the Study Operational Definition of Terms Scope of the Study CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction Concept of Academic Failure Factors Responsible for Academic Failure Concept of Pred ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTIONBackground of the Study Without exception you are one of the followings: the oldest or the youngest or named after some relation who has passed away. Alfred Adler (2006) said that birth order influences personality. He argued that birth can leave an indelible impression on an individual is style of life, which is one’s habitual way of dealing with the task of friendship love and work. According Adler, Firstborns are “dethroned†when a seco ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]The parents
The parents being the closest link to the child at birth especially
the mother tends to create a conducive environment for the child which
involves feeling of safety, sense of belongings and some degree of
freedom. Duntoye (2002) established the planning which make them
to bit more than what they can show. The economic strength of parents
determines how they can help the child in the academic achievement in
life. Bukoye (2002) emphasized that parent ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Pilot Study To determine the usability of the instrument questionnaire for this
research was first administered to a group of forty (40) students that
represent the population of interest. The respondents responded to the
questionnaire and areas of difficulty were resolved. They were able to
respond to the items with little or no difficulty. Validity of the Instrument
When an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure, it can be
described as being valid. To ascertain t ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]Summary of the Findings The analysis of data on the study of
influence of birth order and gender on students’ achievement of
secondary schools in Offa Local Government Area of Kwara State revealed
that mistakes of the other sibling is the major factor influencing
students academic achievement and performance. This is followed by
inability of the parents to meet the needs of their children. This also
influences the students academic achievement. Equally, the
res ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESAdana, B.S. (1998). The school guidance programme. Guidance and Counselling in Education. INDEMAC (NIG) Publishers Limited, Ilorin. Addido, E.O. (1989). Effect of family types on academic performance of secondary school students in Ndoka Local Government Area of Bendel State. Unpublished M.Ed Dissertation, University of Ilorin, Ilorin. Adegbite, A.S. (1991). Parents’ attributions of students’ success and failure and academic performance of selected secondary school in I ... Continue reading---
