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Investigate The Factors Influencing The Performance Of Secondary School Students In Sports
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CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is concerned with reviewing scholarly works that are relevant to the subject matter. This is meant to enrich our perception and understanding as regards the topic of discussion and the issues therein. To that end, the work has been carried out under such sub-headings as;
• A Review of the Nigeria National Sport Policy
• Development of Sport and School Sports in Nigeria
• Importance of Sports to Students
• State of Sports in Nigerian Secondary Schools
• Factors Influencing Students’ Performance in Sports
• Appraisal of Literature Reviewed
A Review of the Nigeria National Sport Policy
Considering the role of sport in the all-round development of the child and youths, Nigeria Government came up with a policy aimed at ensuring that:
i. Sport is offered as a compulsory subject at the Nursery, Primary and Secondary School levels of the formal education system.
ii. All primary and secondary schools have playgrounds for sports as a condition for approval for their establishment.
iii. No pupil (s) or student (s) (including those in tertiary institutions) suffers any penalty or discrimination for participating in sports.
iv. All schools establish a structured sporting programme, which covers every student except those exempted on medical grounds.
v. Any student studying in any Higher Institution of learning offers a minimum of a 4 credits unit in sports (NPS, 2010).
According to the United Nations Office on Sport Development and Peace (2010), the Federal Government is committed to the proper implementation of the above that will enable the youths have the full benefit of the core values of sports, which include Fair play, Discipline, Cooperation, Friendship, Physical fitness and good health, Social justice, Self-discovery, Leadership, Peace, Gender equality, Enhancement of education, etc.
To actualize these values of sports and utilize them as powerful tools for youth empowerment and economic development, efforts are being made to:
a. encourage mass participation in sports and exercise as a means of enhancing health, fitness and minimizing anti-social behaviour;
b. promote sport as a means of generating employment and creation of wealth;
c. develop sports for enhancement of youth empowerment/employment;
d. provide opportunities for the physical challenged persons to participate in sports of their choice;
e. ensure availability of sporting facilities in schools, communities and mass housing arena;
f. promote schools, collegiate and institutional sports;
Therefore, as can be seen from this policy, the desire of the Federal Government of Nigeria is to put in place sports competition programmes at the National, State and local Government levels that will enhance mass participation in sports among the youths and facilitate identification of young and budding talented athletes. This will also give the children and the youths of Nigeria a sense of belonging, sense of direction to have the full values of sports.
Development of Sport and School Sport in Nigeria
Nigerians are sports loving people who even in early times devoted themselves to such sports of wrestling, archery, hunting, racing, swimming, boat regattas, acrobatic displays etc. In colonial time, primary school children gathered annually throughout the country in towns and city fields on Empire Day (May 24) for sporting events such as 100 yards and relay races for both boys and girls. Other games engaged in during Empire Day competition were sack race, lime and spoon race and threading the needle. Shields and cups were won as prize during these events.
Today there is a new dimension to sports in Nigeria with emphasis not only on the physical and mental development but also financial encouragement from government for individual sportsmen and women. Participation in modern sports, which was formerly limited to units of the Armed Forces and Teachers’ College, widened by 1933 with the introduction of the Grier cup and the Hussey Shield competition for secondary schools. Other trophies introduced to be competed for were the ‘Morocco’ cup for Cricket and the ‘Adebayo/Manuwa’ cup for football. By 1944, the Amateur Athletic Association of Nigeria (AAAN) came into existence, basically to coordinate athletic organization in the country (Ogunbiyi, 2005).
Early participation in sports depended to some extent on children’s level of education, their exposure to sport, their economic status and their parent’s interest. Parents needed to provide the required equipment, thus children whose parents could not afford to purchase equipment were deterred from sports. The availability of equipment and facilities during primary school through university encourages interest in sport. In most cases, it is the influence of significant others during childhood that results in later participation in sports (Boit, 2000).
The fundamental objective of school sports in any country is to facilitate the total, wholesome and fullest development of each student in term of enriching his/her intellectual, vocational, emotional, personal-social and psychomotor resources (Mgbor, 2002). The effort of the schools towards achieving these objectives in practice had in the past been limited to the activities of the schools with the classroom teacher as the leader. Interest and attention were then centered on the subject-matter studies as the sole avenue for influencing the educational gain of the students. But, because the subject-matter approached, tended to play major and in some cases exclusive attention to the intellectual upliftment of the students. It was soon realized that if other aspects of student’s resources and life tasks are to be enriched by formal educational provisions, then the educational experiences of the school must have to go beyond what happens with the regular classroom environment (Imonikhe, 2007).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT IS COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Purpose of the Study   The general purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the performance of secondary school students in sports. Specifically, the work intends:i.   to find out whether availability of sporting facilities affect students’ performance in sportii.   to investigate whether the socio-economic status of the students influence their performance in sportsiii.   to reveal whether parental attitude of the students affects the studentsâ€â ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER THREERESEARCH METHODOLOGYThis chapter is concerned with the method of collecting related and relevant information needed for this work. It presents the research methodology adopted in this study. It has been presented under these sections; Population, Sample and Sampling Techniques, Research Instrument, Instrument Validation, Procedure for Data Collection, and Data Analysis Techniques. Research DesignThis study is a descriptive research of the survey type. A descriptive research describ ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FOURSUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSThis chapter presents a summary of study after which it gives a brief conclusion based on the findings of the result derived from the data analysed. Therefore, the chapter presents some recommendations with the hope that if they are implemented, there will be further success in the use of school sports.SummaryThere has been general perceived decline in students’ performance in sporting activities in and outside their schools. The poor per ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVEConclusionSport in Nigeria has grown from its humble beginning as an entertainment and recreational pastime to a prominent phenomenon whose influences are felt in all facets of lives of citizens. It is a very useful tool for all-round development especially of the students. It is used in Nigeria to foster national unity and socio-cultural integration. It is one of the most important phenomena which cut across all human endeavours and ethnic divides. Its invaluable role in studentsââ ... Continue reading---
