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Investigate The Factors Influencing The Performance Of Secondary School Students In Sports
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As it is now many public primary and schools in Nigeria may not be proud of good and quality physical education and sports facilities, equipment and supplies in their school environment for the pupils and students use. No matter the government efforts towards improving this situation, many contractors with some ministry of Education personnel are ready to frustrate that government effort.
In their own contribution, Baker and Horton (2004) divided the factors into variables having primary influence and variable having secondary influences on performances.
Primary influences
Primary factors have a direct influence on the acquisition of expert performance and include all elements that athletes contribute (either intentionally or unintentionally) to their own performance. Generally, they can be categorized into genetic factors, training factors and psychological factors (Baker, et al., 2004).
Genetic factors
Although sports differ in the skills required for successful performance, one thing they share is the blending of physical and mental faculties into appropriate action. There is a significant literature attesting to the hereditary nature of specific physiological and cognitive characteristics, many that are relevant to sport performance (Rankinen, 2001). Studies of hereditary characteristics are essentially interested in how a person’s genetic makeup (i.e., their genotype) influences the expression of specific bahaviours or capacities (i.e., their phenotype).
Training factors
Consistence findings with both experts and non-experts on learned capacities and abilities provide support for the relationship between training and expertise. Researchers examining the accumulated effects of prolonged practice and the rate of learning have indicated a robust positive relationship between practice and performance. The relationship between practice and performance is so strong that some researchers such as Ericsson (1993) support the notion that an adequate amount of high quality training is the only necessary ingredient for elite level achievement. Ericsson and others advocate that increase in performance in any domain is the result of adaptation to task constraints through training or practice.
Psychological factors
The acquisition and manifestation of expert performance also requires specific psychological characteristics. In order for student athletes to acquire certain level of performance, specific psychological characteristics are critical. As said earlier, without question, a high level of motivation is essential to success (Baker, et al. 2004). Contemporary investigations of motivation in sport have examined a variety of theoretical perspectives including achievement goal theory (Nicholls, 1984; Duda, 1992), self-efficacy theory (Treasure et al., 1996; Bandura 1997), attribution theory (Biddle, 1993), and self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1991). While each of these perspectives addresses the issue of motivation in a different way, commonalities are evident. For instance, in an integrated model of motivational orientation in sport, Weiss and Chaumeton (2002) suggested that intrinsic or mastery orientations were superior to extrinsic or outcome orientations in developing the motivation to persist in an activity. Regardless of the theoretical perspective taken, without the proper motivational disposition, it is unlikely that a student athlete would be capable of attaining any significant level of proficiency.
Secondary influences
The role of the primary influences outlined above is often influenced by secondary factors relevant to the sport performed. For example, individual cultures will value different sports and may provide societal resources to promote increased involvement and the development of higher levels of skill in that sport. In turn, societal support may provide important extrinsic motivation to continue involvement, leading to a greater ease of training that facilitates the accumulation of practice hours in that sport. On the other hand, sports without societal endorsement may not have the same quality of available resources (Baker and Horton, 2004).
Cultural importance: The importance that a society places on a particular sport can have a significant influence on any success achieved.
Instructional resources: Access to essential resources such as knowledgeable coaches during the learning process also influences skill development. Recent research into expert performance has identified time spent with an instructor as crucial to an athlete’s overall development (Deakin & Cobley, 2003).An important thing here is the ability to convey information effectively to athletes during the practice time. In a study of swimming coaches, Rutt-Leas and Chi (2004) found that differences between expert and non-experts extended to the quality of instruction that was imparted to athletes. When presented with a number of different swim strokes to analyse, novice coaches offered a somewhat superficial analysis using vague descriptions. Expert coaches, on the other hand, were very precise in their assessment and specific in their recommendations for improvement.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT IS COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Purpose of the Study   The general purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the performance of secondary school students in sports. Specifically, the work intends:i.   to find out whether availability of sporting facilities affect students’ performance in sportii.   to investigate whether the socio-economic status of the students influence their performance in sportsiii.   to reveal whether parental attitude of the students affects the studentsâ€â ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER THREERESEARCH METHODOLOGYThis chapter is concerned with the method of collecting related and relevant information needed for this work. It presents the research methodology adopted in this study. It has been presented under these sections; Population, Sample and Sampling Techniques, Research Instrument, Instrument Validation, Procedure for Data Collection, and Data Analysis Techniques. Research DesignThis study is a descriptive research of the survey type. A descriptive research describ ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FOURSUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSThis chapter presents a summary of study after which it gives a brief conclusion based on the findings of the result derived from the data analysed. Therefore, the chapter presents some recommendations with the hope that if they are implemented, there will be further success in the use of school sports.SummaryThere has been general perceived decline in students’ performance in sporting activities in and outside their schools. The poor per ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVEConclusionSport in Nigeria has grown from its humble beginning as an entertainment and recreational pastime to a prominent phenomenon whose influences are felt in all facets of lives of citizens. It is a very useful tool for all-round development especially of the students. It is used in Nigeria to foster national unity and socio-cultural integration. It is one of the most important phenomena which cut across all human endeavours and ethnic divides. Its invaluable role in studentsââ ... Continue reading---
