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Effect Of Friendly And Lasting Relationship In The Family For The Purpose Of Supporting And Promoting Health
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2.6. CLINICAL FEATURES OR MANIFESTAION OF SNAKE BITE.
The clinical features of snake bite may contain twenty or more toxins
most of them are enzymes, non enzymes peptide toxins and non toxic
protein. E.g. the cobra and krait venom are neurotoxin and cardio toxic.
Clinical features of snake can be divided as follows:
A. Dry bite
B. Local features
C. General signs and symptoms
D. Systemic features.
a.
Dry bite: This is the bite where no venom is injected. The bite that
occur in at least 20% of pit viper bite and a greater percentage of
Elapid and sea snake bites , no venom is injected .
b. Local features:
i.
Fangs marks: generally, the presence of two punctured wounds indicates
the bite by a poisonous snake. In the case of non-venomous snake bite,
smaller punctured wounds are seen arranged in an arc.
ii. Local
swelling: bite produces more intense local reaction than other snakes.
Swellings may become apparent within 15minutes and become massive in 2-3
days. It may persist up to 3weeks. Swellings usually spread rapidly
from the site of the bite and may involve the whole limb and adjacent
trunk.
iii. Pains: -Burning, bursting or throbbing may develop
immediately after the bite and spread proximally up the bitten limb.
Draining lymph nodes soon become painful. Krait and sea snakebite may be
virtually painless.
iv. Local necrosis: in viper bites bruising,
blistering and necrosis may appear over few days following the bites.
Necrosis is marked following the bite of Asian pit viper and some rattle
snakes. Bites by Asian cobras can also cause tender local swellings and
blistering. Kraits bites usually do not cause any local reaction.
v. Secondary infection: Bacterial flora in the mouth of or oral cavity of snakes contributes to the secondary infection.
c.
General signs and symptoms or features of snake bites includes:
symptoms like flushing, breathlessness, palpitation, dizziness,
tightness in the chest, sweating and acroparaesthesial are common.
d. Systemic features:
i.
Clotting defects and hemolytic: Haemostatic abnormalities are
characteristics of envenoming by viperidae. Persistent bleeding from
fangs punctured wounds, vane puncture or injection sites and other new
partially healed wounds suggest that the blood is incoagulable.
Spontaneous systemic
hemorrhage is most often detected in the
gingival sluice, epitasis, haemoptysis, coetaneous ecchymosed,
sub-conjunctiva retinoperitoneal and inter-cranial hemorrhages are
reported.
ii. Neurotoxicity: elapid and sea snake venom have
significant neurotoxicity following an elapid bite; paralysis is first
detected as ptsosis and external ophthalmoplegia appearing as 15minutes
after the bites. Sometimes the onset may be delayed for 10 hrs or more
2.7 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SNAKE BITE.
Crotalid
venom is produced and stored in a paired glands below and then
discharged from the hollow fangs located in the upper jaw, fangs can
grow to 20mm in large rattle snakes. Venom dosage per bite depends on
the elapse time since last bite degree of threat perceived by the snake
and the size of the prey. Nostril respond to the heat emission of the
prey which may enable a snake to vary the amount of venom delivered
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHECK BACK SOON ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]CHAPTER ONE1.1 BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF CLIENT.Madam “N†is a wife of Mr. Selbar from the family of Selbar Nimlyat a 40 year old middle age woman. She is about 6.5metres tall and slim she is black in complexion and was brought to the comprehensive health Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) Zamko branch Langtang North LGA Plateau state. The woman was brought to the hospital with the history of snake bite by her husband Mr. Selbar on the 12th August 2017 at about 4.30 pm, with the f ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 9 ]INTERVENTION:i.
Provide a description of the frequent and information about maintenance
procedures and how to decrease fear and anxiety clarify misconceptions
and improve co-operation.ii. Indicate the desire to hear and speak to the patient when the procedure is pain freeiii. Access metal status including mood, affective.iv. Encourage patient to talk about injuries everydayv.
Explain to the patient what is happening. Give a chance to ask question
and give ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FOURSUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS4.1 SUMMARYMrs. “N†received a prompt attention and adequate care from the snake bite which is an emergency case. She recovered fully and was discharged after 5 days of admission in the hospital on drugs and subsequent medical review.My visits were all successful; I was given a good reception by members of the family and the entire community. The families were happy with the knowledge they got from me through the health talk ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCES1. Alirol E, Sharma SK Bawaskar HS, Kuch U Chappuis F. snake bite in South Asia: a review Plos Negal Trop Dis. 2010 4: e603 (PMC free article) (Pub Med)2. Anonymous District Demographic Profile of Nepal Kathmandu Nepal: Informal Sector Research and study Centre 2002.3. Complications of snake bite https:googleweblligh.com.ipu=http:4. http://googleweblight.com.ng/search. Snake bite treatment and management.5. https://www.google.com/ipu=htt6. http://www ... Continue reading---
