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Effect Of Substance Abuse Among Youths In Ilorin Metropolis Of Kwara State
[A CASE STUDY OF SANGO AREA] -
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CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The review of related literature on drug/substance abuse in this study will be approached using the following subtitles; Concept of Drug/substance abuse, common drug/substances abuse by Youths in Ilorin metropolis, reasons for drug/ substance abuse, implications of drug/ substance abuse, theories on drug/ substance abuse, theoretical frame works.
Concept of drug/Substance Abuse
The term “drug/substance abuse†refers to the use of a drug/substance with such frequency that it causes physical or mental harm to the user or impairs social functioning. Although the term seems to imply that drug/substance users misuse the drug/substances they use, in fact, it is themselves or others they abuse by using drug/substances (Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia 1989:276).
Traditionally, the term drug/substance abuse refers to the use of any drug/substance prohibited by law, regardless of whether it was actually harmful or not. This means that any use of a banned substance such as marijuana for example, even if it occurred only once in a while, could constitute abuse, while the same level of alcohol consumption would not. In view of the ambiguity of the term „abuse‟, the United States National Commission on drug/substance abuse stated in 1920 that “it has no functional ability and has become no more than a code word drug/substance presently considered wrong and illegal (Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia 1989).
The drug/substances commonly abused include:- cannabis, sativa (marijuana or Indian hemp), cocaine, heroine, morphine, opium, tobacco and alcohol. The sale and consumption of these drug/substances has caused a lot of problems in Nigeria society and in international communities. This is the reason why most of the drug/substances are prohibited by law and there are national and international agencies established for the purpose of monitoring and controlling illegal drug/substance trade. In 1980, for instance, the Federal Government established National Drug/substance Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) to fight drug/substance abuse and trafficking in the country. Since then, it has arrested many people involved in illicit drug/substance activities and has seized various quantities of hard drug/substances. The then National Chairman of of NDLEA, stated in 2003 that the agency had seized more than 40million tons of cannabis, cocaine and heroine in that last one year. He also stated that a reasonable number of drug/substance barons and traffickers were also arrested during the period and some of them had been successfully prosecuted and jailed.
Common drug/substances abused by youths in Ilorin metropolis
According to World Health Organization (WHO 2002) the drug/substances commonly abused include cannabis sativa, (marijuana or Indian hemp), cocaine, heroine, morphine, opium, tobacco, alcohol etc. The sale and consumption of these drug/substances has caused a lot of problems in the Nigerian society and in international community. Alcohol belongs to the category of psychoactive drug/substances that depress and at the same time stimulate the functions of the central nervous system (WHO, 2002). The issue of alcohol use and abuse among youths in Ilorin metropolis of Kwara state and its neighbourhood has been a great concern to all and sundry. The abuse of alcohol seems to make it addictive and the partakers are referred to as all who lies. It involves alcohol to an extent which exceeds the norms of the society and which adversely affects the drinker’s health, relationship with others and economic functioning. In other words, the victim finds himself drinking when he intends not to drink or drinking more than planned. It is the claim of W.H.O that, alcohol though legal in many countries can be an even bigger threat like cannabis, cocaine and heroine. It is probably the most viccous drug/substance of all (Shearer 1980).
The cannabinal drug/substance firmly has been well known since ancient times. The drug/substances are produced from many varieties of cannabis sativa. The leaves and the flowering tops of the female plant secret an amber – colour resin containing the chemical cannabine, cannabinol, tetrahydro cannibinol which is believed to be the active substance causing the mood modification and behavior changes in the user (Jones 1999).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTDrug/substance abuse is one of the major problems confronting the nation today especially among the youth. Incidences of drug/substance and alcohol abuse and related anti-social behaviour have tremendously increased in recent years. This has become a matter of concern to the government, parents, teachers, non-governmental organisations and all other relevant agencies. The Nigeria government has recognised the seriousness of the drug/substance problem, this is the reason why most of the d ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Appendix EFFECT OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG YOUTHS IN ILORIN METROPOLIS OF KWARA STATE:- A CASE STUDY OF SANGO AREADear Respondents, The researcher is conducting a study on the above topic please respond to the following questions as honestly as possible. It will be used for research purpose only and information provided will be kept confidential.SECTION A1. Age – 15-20 years ( ), 21-25 ( ) 25-30 ( ) 30-35 ( )2. Sex: Male: ( ) Female ( ) 3. Religi ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ] TABLE OF CONTENT Title page Citification Copy right Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of content CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of study Statement of the problem Purpose of the study Research question Significance of the study Scope of the study Definition of terms CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Concept of drug/substance abuse Common ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Statement of the Problem Drug/substance abuse in Ilorin metropolis in the contemporary time has become one issue that cast a gloomy shadow to the entire Nigerian society especially among youths. The height of drug/substance trafficking in Ilorin was witnessed in 2015 during the political campaigns. During that period, it was mostly the youths that were involved in drug/substances abuse, despite the decree No. 20 of 1984 that was promulgated against the drug/substance abuse. Unfortu ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY This chapter deals with the research design, setting, sample and sampling techniques, instrument for data collection, target population, reliability and validity of the instrument and method of data analysis Research Design The survey design was adopted in this study. According to Bolton (1992), a survey design is used to access and predict the views, reactions or standings of a large number o ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 16 ]Table 27 shows the substance commonly abused by youth in Sango area; 43(45.7%) of respondent said they commonly abused alcohol very often, 31(33%) often, 12(12.8%) not often and 8(8.5%) not all. Respondents 51(54.3%) said they abused cigarette very often, 32(34%) of respondents often while 32(34%) of respondent did not often and 5(5.3%) of respondents did not at all. Respondent 35(37.2%) said they abused kolanut very often, 37(39.4%) often while 13(13.8%) did not often and 9(9.6%)did not at ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Recommendations 1. Government should set up rehabilitation centres to aid victims of drug abuse. Further to this, there is also the need for agency in combating the social disintegration by way of public awareness and education. Community organizations and health and social agencies must identify high-risk groups and educate the public about the dangers of drug use, emphasizing vital importance of drug free life. 2. A social environment should be created which would discourage drug abuse. Socie ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESBlalock, M.H. (1979). Social Statistics: International Student Edition. London: McGraw-Hill Hogaky Sha Ltd. Blum, B. and Moore, A. (1973), Controlling Drugs. An International Handbook for Psychoactive Drug Classification. New York: Oxford University Press. Cameron, N.A. and Margaret A. (1970), Behaviour Pathology. Boston: Houghton and Mufflin. Chien, I. (1969), Psychological Functions of Drug Use: Scientific Basis of Drug Dependence. London: Churchhill Publishing Company Ltd. Cook, S.W ... Continue reading---
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTDrug/substance abuse is one of the major problems confronting the nation today especially among the youth. Incidences of drug/substance and alcohol abuse and related anti-social behaviour have tremendously increased in recent years. This has become a matter of concern to the government, parents, teachers, non-governmental organisations and all other relevant agencies. The Nigeria government has recognised the seriousness of the drug/substance problem, this is the reason why most of the d ... Continue reading---