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United Nation Peacekeeping In Africa; Effectiveness And Problems
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CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Determining the
effectiveness of UN mission demands investigating the structure and how
are peace operations are staffed and funded?Bangladesh, India, and
Pakistan send the most troops to UN peacekeeping missions, while the
United States, Japan, and France are the top funders. The top troop
contributors to AMISOM are Uganda, Burundi, Ethiopia, and Kenya, and
funding comes largely from the UN and the European Union. They
disconnect between those nations that send troops and those that fund
missions is often a source of conflict. Wealthy nations spend the most
on peacekeeping, yet they send relatively few troops; meanwhile,
countries that either sends troops or whose citizens are directly
affected by peacekeeping missions often have less say in how they are
designed and mandated.
A 2014 internal review of peacekeeping
practices related to civilian protection exposed some of these tensions.
Researchers found that peacekeepers failed to protect civilians on
several occasions. Countries that fund the annual UN peacekeeping budget
of nearly $8 billion were angered by the findings, while troop
Contributing Countries (TCCs) demanded raises to the reimbursement rates
their soldiers receive for serving in UN missions, rates which had not
increased in more than a decade. (The UN reimburses countries that
contribute troops a little more than $1,000 per soldier per month, and
AMISOM troops now earn roughly the same allowances as UN
peacekeepers.)Both India and Brazil have cited their countries’
personnel contributions to UN peacekeeping in their bids to become
permanent members of the Security Council, and several African
governments have complained about having little say in the design and
mandating of UN operations on the continent. “They would like to escape
the tutelage of the UN in future crises,†says says Richard Gowan, an
expert on multilateral security institutions at the European Council on
Foreign Relations.
Leaders in Africa and within the UN have called
for African forces to play a larger role in securing peace and stability
on the continent, but budget constraints persist. While the UN has a
regular peacekeeping budget, the AU must continually seek out donors,
such as the UN, the EU, and the United States, to fund its missions.
Only 2.3 percent of the AU’s budget comes from AU member
states.“Countries with more developed military capabilities—countries
from the OECD—need to come back into peacekeeping in a way they haven’t
been in recent years†—Bruce Jones, Brookings Institution “When the AU
deploys a mission, it always needs to find external assistance,†says
GWU’s Williams. As a result, the AU cannot quickly deploy or sustain
troops in the field. “The lack of indigenous sources of finance also
undermines the AU's credibility as a leading player in peace and
security issues on the continent and reduces its ability to exercise
ownership of particular initiatives,†he says.
Peace operations in
Africa are increasingly collaborations between the UN and AU. For
example, in Somalia, AMISOM member states provide troops while the UN
provides funding, training, logistics, and planning support. UNAMID, a
UN-AU hybrid mission in Darfur, absorbed and expanded a mission
initially led solely by the AU.
The research intends to investigate UN Peacekeeping in Africa; its effectiveness and problems
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The research provides an appraisal of UN PEACEKEEPING IN AFRICA .It investigates the effectiveness and problems of the mission with a possible aim of proffering recommendations. The study appraises the structural nature of Un Peacekeeping in Africa.The UN Security Council authorizes peace operations by an affirmative vote of nine of the fifteen members without a veto from the five permanent members: the United States, China, France, Russia, the UK. The Security Council has authorized more than f ... Continue reading---
