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The West And Politics Of Technology Transfer In The Third World Countries: Nigerian Experience
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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The major aim of the study is to
examine the west and politics of technology transfer in the third world
countries. Other specific objectives of the study include;
To examine the importance of technology transfer in third world countries.
To examine the challenges of effective technology transfer in third world countries.
To determine the level of technology transfer evident in third world countries.
To assess the major international players in the west world as regards technology transfer.
To recommend ways of ensuring effective technology transfer in third world countries
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
What is the importance of technology transfer in third world countries?
What are the challenges of effective technology transfer in third world countries?
What is the level of technology transfer evident in third world countries?
Who are the major international players in the west world as regards technology transfer?
What are the ways of ensuring effective technology transfer in third world countries?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
study would be of immense importance to government at all levels and
relevant stakeholders as it would examine the involvement of the western
world and their politics to technology transfer in the third world
countries, Nigeria inclusive. The study would also be of importance to
students, researchers and scholars who are interested in developing
further studies on the subject matter.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The
study is restricted to the west and politics of technology transfer inm
the third world countries with special emphasis of Nigeria.
CHAPTER
ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The importance of international
technology transfer (international transfer of technology) for economic
development can hardly be overstated. Both the acquisition of
technology and its diffusion foster productivity growth. As invention
and creation processes remain overwhelmingly the province of the OECD
countries, most developing countries must rely largely on imported
technologies as sources of new productive knowledge. However,
considerable amounts of follow-on innovation and adaptation occur in
such countries. Indeed, these processes effectively drive technological
change in developing nations. Developing countries have long sought to
use both national policies and international agreements to stimulate
international transfer of technology. National policies range from
economy-wide programs (e.g., education) to funding for the creation and
acquisition of technology, tax incentives for purchase of capital
equipment and intellectual property rights. A prominent episode of
international efforts to encourage international transfer of technology
came in the late 1970s, when many developing countries sought a Code of
Conduct to regulate technology transfer under United Nations (UN)
auspices. It is difficult to regulate international transfer of
technology effectively given the incentives for owners not to transfer
technology without an adequate return and the problem of monitoring
compliance with any rules that might be imposed. This helps explain why
international transfer of technology is predominately mediated by
national policies rather than by international disciplines. While some
policies are subject to multilateral disciplines (e.g., subsidies, trade
and IPR policies), the rules in place are primarily constraining in
nature they define limits on what is allowed. Multilateral efforts to
identify actions that governments should pursue to encourage
international transfer of technology are largely of a best-endeavor
nature. Starting in the mid 1990s, multilateral disciplines on
international transfer of technology-related policies began to deepen.
The WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights (TRIPS) calls on countries to enforce comprehensive minimum
standards of IPR protection on a nondiscriminatory basis. It also has
provisions relating to international transfer of technology.
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