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The Uneme Noun Phrase
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.0 General Background of the Study
This research work is based on the language called Uneme language spoken in Edo State. This work will focus on the aspects of Uneme Noun Phrase. The term Noun Phrase forms an important aspect of syntax.
Syntax is a branch of linguistics, derived from ancient Greek ‘SYN’ and ‘TAX’. SYN mean ‘Together’ while TAX means ‘Arrangement’. Syntax is the study of the arrangement of words to form sentences. Different linguist has defined syntax in different ways:
Talleman (2005) Defines syntax as the study of syntactic property of language. He sees syntax as sentence construction, that is, how words are put together to make phrases or sentences.
Akmajian (2004) sees syntax as a sub-field of linguistics that studies the internal structure of sentences and the relationship among the internal parts.
Ladeforged (1997) says that syntax is concerned with the way words are combined to form sentences.
Syntax can be hierarchically structured from the larger to the smallest (Sentence------Clause-----Phrase -----Word). Sanusi (1996) says, in the systemic analysis, a sentence is ranked the highest, consisting of one or more clauses.
The focus of this research will be on the aspects of Noun Phrase of Uneme language. A phrase is a sequence of words that can function as a constituent in the structure of sentences. There are different types of phrasal categories, these are; Noun Phrase, Verb Phrase, Prepositional Phrase, Adjective Phrase and Adverbial Phrase. A Noun Phrase is headed by a noun and so applicable to others which are named after the lexical categories.
This project work will serve as a priority and a means of developing Uneme language and to save guard it from going into extinction. It will suit the desires of those that want the language as a means of communication even in schools and in the community.
1.1 Historical Background
According to oral tradition, the Uneme language speakers are found in the northern part of Edo State. An informant claimed that speakers of the language can be found in two areas in Edo State, these areas are Akoko-Edo and Etsako North. Edo state is found in the south eastern part of Nigeria.
Hakeem (2003:4) says that the history of Uneme people can be traced to the core area of the Nok cultural zone located in the North eastern part of Niger-Benue confluence. The area represents the ancestral home land of not only Uneme people but also of related sub-ethnic groups which have come to be described as the Edoid.
Uneme people are migrants from Benin. They arrived Benin area during king Ogiso Ere’s era and their first settlement was on the outskirt of Benin City. The Uneme people moved to Benin in the tenth century and later left because of a problem that arises as a result of Oba shift between two brothers in the royal house or palace of Benin kingdom. The crises were so tense that everybody from Uneme community had to leave. Their mode of migration from Benin in 1370 AD was in two phases; The first major phase of the migrant moved northwards from Benin, settling in different territories between 1370 and late 1370. Some of the notable places they headed to are Obadan in the present Edo state and Agbede in the Etsako west area of the present northern Edo state, others are Ogbomeze (Imiava) in the Etsako central area of the present northern Edo state and Okene in Ebira community of the present Kogi State.
The migration of Uneme people experience a split which makes them to move in two different direction, one to Akoko-Edo (the present northern Edo-state) and other to Oghomeze in Etsako. At the time of their staying in Akoko-Edo, they established three other Uneme communities in different location within Akoko-Edo namely Uneme Aki-Osu in the early 1400s, Uneme Erhurm and Uneme Ekped.
According to the language informant, he claims that, people who speak Uneme are Uzanu, Anegbete, Udochi and Ologua who are the latter of Uneme community in the 1830s.
From history, we are aware that the listed Uneme community are named after children of the same father and mother which latter developed to different community. Each of them developed to a large community that now lives as a town on their own. There was a conflict that broke out between Uzanu and Anegbete which led to a war and brought about parting between Uzanu and Anegbete whereby we have Uzanu in Etsako East and Anegbete in Etsako central. During this war, Uzanu was having upper hand, and this makes the Anegbete to seek the assistance of Nupe people in Bida. The Nupe people (warriors) came but asking the Oriola who is the prime minister of Anegbete to divide the kingdom of Anegbete into two and give them. Oriole made them to understand that they are only here for war and not to share kingdom so, they should mind their business and face the Uzanu’s. The Uzanu’s were captured by the Nupe warriors and later came to invade the Anegbete and the whole of Etsako.
Further more, Hakeem (2003:7) pointed out that the second major phase of the Uneme’s migration from Benin in 1370 AD witnessed the movement of the affected people eastwards in Niger-river, unlike the first group that moved northwards. Members of the second group were few in number, and they passed through fewer territories where they settle down briefly before they finally established their permanent home in the Awka area of Igboland in the present Anambra State in 1380’s and 1370’s.
The total population of the Uneme language speakers is estimated to be 19800 (year 2000 estimation of internet) and the alternative names with which the language is called are Ileme, Ineme and Uleme but the standard version is Uneme as been called by the speakers.
1.2 Socio Cultural Profile
The Uneme people are distinguished from others in their own way of life. Their culture is very rich and they believe so much in it. The language serves as a means of communication in the society, in the market and even in the religious system and it is aimed at being a medium of expression and instruction in schools.
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 4]
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