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Kwara State Polytechnic Ilorin Real Time School Bus Tracking System Using (rfid)
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CHAPTER TWO
2.1 RFID TECHNOLOGY
RFID technology relies on communication between an applied tag and reader. Two types of RFID tags are in common usage; passive tag which have no internal power supply and emit a radio frequency signal only in response to a query from a transponder, and active tags which are internally powered and which continuously emit a radio frequency signal. While passive tags are less expensive, active tags can be read from distances of several tens of meters while passive tags have a range between tiens of centimeter and a few meters. Furthermore, active tags contains more memory and can be integrated with additional sensors. For examples, for example for checking temperature or humidly and are able to store the history or sensor data. Passive tags on the other hand, have longer lifetime and it’s cost is significantly lower. The information contained in the signal of either type of tag can be a unique identifier that is then linked to a database (similar to bar code technology), or can include simple data that is programmed into the tag and then broadcast in the signal {5}-{6}-{7}. The technology consist of two basic element. RFID tags (or transponder) and RFID reader (or interrogation). The tag exchanges data with the reader using radio waves that are turned to the same frequency as the reader and within the reading range of the reader.
The RFID reader consist of antenna, transceiver, processor, power supply, and an interface for connecting it to a host computer (i.e via serial port, or internet). The RFID tag has an antenna, a transceiver and integrated circuit (I.C) with memory. The performance of the RFID tag is determined by factors such as IC technology used, the read/write capability, the radio frequency, the read range and external factors such as the environment and packaging. Based on the functionality provided by each technology & active and passive RFID address different, but often complementary aspect/ people visibility. Until now, the attention was focused on people tracking based on active devices transmitting beacon like signals in the proposed child safety system, passive RFID tags will be used for the children to carry. Since passive RFID tags are inactive unless powered by the energy radiated by the reader when they are close, the tags pare no harm to the children.
Although the operation distance is limited to the rader range, this will be an advantage for the proposed system to know you are on board the school bus, and thus fitters the detected author tags easily more over passive, tags are low cost and do not need batter replacement. The ultra high frequency (UHF) RFID reader (868-870MHZ) were mainly selected due to having a longer read ranger (>3 Meter-moreover, UHF RFID) readers have a faster reading speed and a large memory size.
2.2 RFID Application in the transportation field
RFID tags have also been used in the transportation field for different reason. Basbhandari and villa designed and deprived an RFID technology based system to imposture Walt times, and crossing times of U.S bound commercial vehicles at the Pharr. Reynosa international Bridge in Texas, Arauso designed a self petitioning system using RFID tags, smart phones and smart cards, as wells as real time image and in recognition. Truck drive and even cargo contents are managed by a control which provides scheduling commands, visual and ID monitoring, and real time incident avoidance. Trgen and Akinci provided a urion of tracking intelligent transportation infrastructure component and materials through knowing their identities and locations. The author proposed steam lining information flow through a supply chain by utilizing RFID tag Schwartz.C and J.Khan used the RFID technology to implement a practical way to record truck load of hot mix asphalt crewing the production plant and eventually deposited along the road way.
The main objective of this research is to investigation the applicability of the RFID technology in a new area of transportation field which is the tracking and monitoring of school children during their trip to and from school on school buses. The following diagram shows the moment the students comes in and out of the school bus.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTIn present time due to increase in number of kidnapping and road accident cases, parent always worry about their children.This paper proposes a SMS based solution to aid parent to track their children location in real time. The proposed system takes the advantage of the location services provided by module kit which carry by the child in their school bag. It allows parent to get their child location on a real time map by the geographical co-ordinates which send by module kit. Information ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTTitle Certification Dedication Acknowledgment Abstract TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Objectives of study and Goals 1.2 Research Goals and Objective 1.3 Definition of Terms 1.4 User advantages CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEW2.1 RFID Technology 2.2 RFID Application in transportation field 2.3 System capabilities 2.3.1 Data acquisition 2.3.2 Biometric identification CHAPTER THREE ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER ONE1.1 INTRODUCTIONMillions of children need to be moved from home to school and vice versa every day. For parents, obtaining a safe transport for their children is a crucial issue. The students ride their bicycle getting to and from school safety. A research undertaken by the Scottish executive central research unit with purpose of increasing the proportional of non car travel to school reveals that travelling by bus or coach appears to be by for the safest mode. Statistics sugges ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER THREE3.0 METHODOLOGY PREVIEW This section describes the investigative focus, research methodology and specific methods used in this project. The methodology used was a mixed methods research frame work encompassing both quantitative and qualitative method and measure. The object of study was a ten week course of virtual world bulling and conversation activities was on experienced by the student involved in these activities and the supervisors. This section also expl ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.1 ENGINEERING BLOCK DIAGRAM AND DESCRIPTION As you are able to see in the above fig. there is the engineering block diagram of our project that we have designed at the primary stage of our project. So, the diagram consist of RFID tag, RFID reader, if transmitter receive, signal conditioning unit, microcontroller, load cell, amplifier, ADC, LCD display then what is the follow of the diagram? So, the flow starts from the RFID tag which is detected by the RFID reader an ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 CONCLUSION.In conclusion, this system was declared to aid locating children with their parent and this research shows that RFID tracking technology is a practical option for monitoring and tracking the children during their trip to and from school on school buses. Lab and field trials confirmed that the RFID tags functions well under different conditions. The readings were consistent and resulted read ranges that were acceptable within the constraint of locating children st ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCES1. S. Granville, A. lard, M.Barber (September 2002), “why do parent drive children to school? Transport research server.2. R. Want. Enabling Ubiquitous Serving with RFID I.E.E3. E, Erge and B. Akina, “Utilization of RFID tags for transportation presented at the 86th Annual Meeting of the transportation Research Board Washington D.C January 21-25 2007.4. T. Halogen et’al (2003) RFID,GSM and GPRS performance, 2nd Editions chichester, John Willey ... Continue reading---
