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Modern Contraceptive Use In Nigeria
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
High fertility rate and hence high population growth rate are among the major economic and social problems facing Nigeria. This is because the level of utilization of modern contraceptive in Nigeria is still very low although it has increased over the last decades from 3.5% to 8.6% (1990 and 1999 Demographic Health Survey; Nigeria National Population and Health Survey 2008:pp4).
It is also indicated that the level of contraceptive use among sexually active adolescent is particularly low contributing to the high level of teenage pregnancy, unsafe abortion and maternal mortality, among others. On the whole, the total demand for family planning (FP) is still relatively low as only 29% of women demanded for family planning in 1999 as shown by the National Demographic Health Survey (NDHS 2003). However, the level of unmet needs for family planning decreased from 21% to 13.3% between 1990 and 1999 (federal ministry of Health (Nigeria) 2003; Reproductive Health Survey, 2003, by federal Ministry of Health Abuja, Nigeria).
There is much concern over high morbidity and mortality associated with biological reproduction, such as material mortality and abortion related complications and death because Nigeria is reported to have one of the highest maternal mortality in the world, with figures ranging from 704 (FOS/ UNICEF, 2000) to1500 (UNFPA, 2002) maternal deaths per 100,000 live births (FGN 1986, 1990, UNICEF 1994, Ladipo 1989, Ante 1986, )
Modern contraceptive use has been and is still an issue of much concerned on the international health agenda., the last two decades have witnessed a growing concern world-wide by policy makers, implementers and scholars to improve the modern contraceptive use especially in the developing countries (World Health Organization, 1999; United Nations, 1996; Family care international, 1994; MDGs 2000).
The establishment of primary Health care as a cornerstone of Health Policy, coupled with the importance attached to the efforts to improve health services (family planning inclusive) at the community level and the efforts of National and International Organizations in the last decades, awareness and involvement in family planning service. An evidence of government end or segment of population programmed is the launching of National Population policy on 14th April 1989 (Funmi Adesokan , 2014. Pp 482-483).
Since then, Nigeria has made substantial effort at improving the health and lives of its people by building more health facilities and training more health personnel for health care service delivery but the available statistic shows that the reproductive health situation in Nigeria is still poor, with outstanding challenges in the areas of family planning, maternal mortality, adolescent reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections and gender based violence (NDHS,1999 PP.3). Other partners who have contributed significantly to reproductive health in Nigeria are the Pathfinder Internal Center for Development and Population Activities (PICDPA), Population Services International /Society for Health (PSI/SFH) Planned Parenthood Federation of Nigeria (PPFN) etc. However, most of these efforts have been by various donor private sectors. Example of such donor agencies are:
United National Fund for Population Activates (UNFPA) :They assist in reproductive Health and Family Planning
World Health Organization (WHO): Surveillance on Polio
Health System Development Project (HSDP): Assist in area of capacity building and civil works, equipment and remuneration.
Plan Parenthood Federation (PPF): Assist in Family Planning.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The reduction in population growth is believed to improve a country’s prospects for economic development which in turn is believe to enhance the country’s ability to improve the lives of its citizen. In case of Nigeria we can see the rapid growth of population which has been increasing in triple folds for example from fifty six (56) million people in 1963 to one hundred and sixty-seven (167) million in 2006 according to National population Commission (2011).There is no such socio ... Continue reading---
