-
Comparative Analysis Of Pipe Borne Water And Other Sources Of Water Within Enugu Metropolis (emene Locality)
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 2]
Page 1 of 2
-
-
-
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Following the
theory of creation, it is clear that water is as old as man. From time
immemorial, man has restorted to the use of this unique commodity for
domestic and other purposes.
Most of our water supplies are from
surface water which include: rivers, streams, lakes, oceans and seas and
there water bodies are likely to be polluted with domestic and
Industrial as well as agriculture waste, As populations increase, the
problem become more serious and as such, water can endanger the health
and life of human beings because when polluted by fecal materials it
becomes potential carrier of pathogenic organism (Carpenter 1977).
Water,
is of course, absolutely essential to life, not only human life but all
life, animal and vegetable. Most of the biochemical reaction that occur
in metabolism and growth of living cells involved water, and all take
places in water. (Camp etal,1974).
Man uses water not only for
drinking purposes but also for bathing, washing, laundering, heating,
air conditioning, agriculture, stock raising and gardens, Industrial
processes and cooling water power and steam power, fire protection,
fishing, swimming and wild life propagation and navigation.
Natural
water contain not only then natural flora but also micro – organisms
from soil and possible from animals or sewage. Surface waters in streams
or pools and stored waters in lakes and large ponds vary considerably
in microbial content. (frazier 1978) water is broadly divided into three
types viz., surface water which include: streams, rivers, lakes sear,
and oceans Kelman et al (1957)
The ground water, well borehle, many
people have defined the ground water in different ways: ground water is
subter water that occurs where all pores in the soil or rock counting
materials are saturated (pelezer et al 1992).
The atmospheric water,
which includes rain, falls. All water bodies consist of a variety of
bacterial and other microorganisms like the Algaes fungi, which inhabit
these natural water bodies. Some of these micro –organisms are
indigenous to thus natural water while others are transient, entering
the water from external environment (Pelezar and Reg, 1997).
The
generality of bacteria are mostly commonly found ordinarily in fresh
water some of which include: pseudomonas, Archacbacter, and vibrio
these are gram negative, the gram-positive bacterial which are found in
water include: micrococcus Archacbacter and actinomycentes. Gebharal
(1975) Tap water, as one of the water sources is mostly used
domestically, it is observed that tap change sometime the water tap will
be clear this calls for load, in order to be sure of its portability.
Bonde (1977)
The increase in drinking water from different sources
especially in Enugu state has made necessary to investigate the
microbial content of water. Water is a potential carried of pathogenic
organisms that can endage human life. Most of drinking water sources are
often contaminated with different pollutants like faces, animal and
plant wastes, making such water unfit for drinking if not treated. The
pollution of water with pathogenic organisms and other pollutants can
only be detected by carrying out microbiological assessment of such
water. Most human disease such as typhoid paratyphoid cholera,
arnboebiasis, Trichinosis, gastroenteritis, sanonall shigellosis,
diphtheria, giadia, dracunculus etc are know to be water borne disease.
Ewington et al (1971).
Water born disease are those disease which
have water as their vehicle of transmission these disease are capable of
destroying a whole community if not checked. Therefore, the quickest
ways to prevent out break of these disease and to determine the
portability of such water sources is to determine the microbial load or
content if the microbial content is nor within acceptable limit, such
water sources should be condemned immediately. Fair et al (1970)
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 2]
Page 1 of 2
-
-
ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Comparative analysis of water was carried out on well water, stream and pipe born water obviated within Emene locality of Enugu state the sample were subjected to some analytical tests final like presumptive tests, comfirmative test final like presumptive tests, comfirmative test, completed test, indole test and plate count for the organism that develop on the culture, the result show that well water and stream were found to contain pathogenic organism like salmonella, Shigella and staphyl ... Continue reading---
