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Accessibility, Use, Misuse And Effects Of Combined Oral Contraceptives Among Women Of Child Bearing Age
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This
subsection reveals the influence of socio-economic characteristics on
decision to contraceptive usage. There is a difficult decision on the
use of modern contraceptives among prospective users in the country.
These difficulties arise from the strength of the interplay of
influences from close family relations. In the year 2005 the author
Benefo made an assertion that, the economic dependency level of the
woman on her close relations affects the decision process for the uptake
of contraceptives. The type of work and the amount of income earned by
the woman in particular have a strong relation to use of contraceptives
(Baiden, F., 2003; Sign, et al, 2003).
Many researchers have observed
that, this concept is a borrowed one from the west and its adaptation
in the African setting. Considering the complexity of influences on
close and external relations on their lives, in addition to their
socio-economic standing (White, 2002), needs extensive examination
(RAND, 1998; White et al, 2002; Awusabo-Asare, 2004; Solo et, al 2005).
Level of education and socio-economic status of women have been
identified to affect fertility decision directly (White, 2002).
In
several studies on modernity and fertility, education is found to be the
prime influencing factor. Education may have a direct influence on
fertility, since education affects the attitudinal and behavioral
patterns of the individuals. Lactational amenorrhoea, which lasts for
two to three years in some societies, gives scope for longer birth
intervals, thus affecting the fertility among such women (McNeilly,
1979). The economic value ascribed to children enhances fertility among
those who are economically poor. During the past few decades studies
have established a close and significant relation between contraceptive
use and fertility preferences. Das and Deka (1982) have considered the
cultural factors in fertility as there is evidence that the fertility
behavior changes with different cultural settings. Narayan Dast in the
year 1983 also studied the socio-cultural determinants of fertility.
As
Anand, (1968) & Chandrasekhar, (1972) put it, the family welfare
programmes, their reception, impact and utility have affected fertility
in every society in this era of rapid population growth. Because of the
government’s policy on birth control, exhaustive efforts are made by the
government to popularize the different family welfare methods. Results
achieved so far in this direction can be attributed to the programme
inputs. However, besides several cultural factors, non-availability
and/or lack of knowledge, attitude towards desired family size,
traditional beliefs and practices play an important role in family
planning.
A number of KAP studies have been taken up covering
different population groups. Gautama and Seth (2001) in their study
among rural Rajputs and Scheduled Caste (SCs) found out that raise in
education besides providing knowledge on the contraceptive methods helps
in improving acceptance of family control devices. There are other
studies also in similar lines taken up among tribal and rural
populations (Meerambika Mahapatro et al, 1999; Sushmita and Bhasin, 1998
and Varma et al, 2002). However, the national programme should have
group specific and area specific interventions with regard to family
planning. In this background, an attempt was made in that paper to study
‘knowledge and practice of contraception’ among Racha Koyas, a tribal
population from Andhra Pradesh.
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