Biochemical Changes In Women With Pre-eclampsia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical changes which occur in the serum of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia including renal functions (urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium,anduric acid), liver functions (total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase), and complete blood count(CBC).

Blood samples were collected from 120  pregnant women with pre-eclampsia beside75 normal pregnant women which served as control group. Serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, total protein, albumin, ALT, AST, ALP) were measured using automated chemical analyzer (Mindary BS - 210).Serum sodium and potassium were measured using (ion selective electrode). Complete blood count (CBC) was done using full automated hematology analyzer (Sysmex). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (version 20). The study revealed that the mean age of the women with pre-eclampsia was (28.1±6.5years), while in the women with normal pregnancy was (29. 2±6.4 years). The mean weight in the pre-eclampsic women was (79.3±9.0 Kg), while in the control group was (77.4±5.8Kg).

The study observed a significant increase {P value (0.000)} in the mean of both diastolic and systolic blood pressure in the pre- eclampsic women, which were (152.3±17.7mmHg) and (106.5±11.5 mmHg), versus (122.8±5.6 mmHg) and (78.9±3.3 mmHg) respectively for the control group. Serum creatinine level was significant increased in pre-eclampsic women when compared to the control group (0.7±0.4mg/dl) versus (0.4±0.3mg/dl) with P value (0.000). Serum uric acid in the women with pre-eclampsia was (7.0±2.1mg/dl) versus 5.0±1.4mg/dl) in the women with normal pregnancy; there was a significant increase with P. value (0.000). The mean of serum ALP in the women with pre-eclampsia was (130.7±46.1 U/L) versus (83.9±17.7U/L) in the women with normal pregnancy, there was a significant increase with P. value (0.000).

The mean of serum AST in the women with pre-eclampsia was (63.9±112.2 U/L) versus (29.6±12.1 U/L) in the women with normal pregnancy; there was a significant increase with P.value (0.01). The mean of serum ALT in the women with pre-eclampsia was (32.1±49.9 U/L) versus (18.2±8.6 U/L) in the women with normal pregnancy there was significant increase with P.value (0.003). The mean WBCs in the women with pre-eclampsia was (9.4±4.2) versus (8.2±2.8) in the women with normal pregnancy; there was a significant increase with P.value (0.015). The mean of PLTs in the women with pre-eclampsia was (211.2±93.1) versus (245.4±66.0) in the women with normal pregnancy; there was a significant decrease with P.value (0.003).

It was concluded that in pre-eclampsic Sudanese women; serum creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and white blood cell count significantly increase, while platelets count significantly decrease.