EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNITY BASED FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAM

Effectiveness Of The Implementation Of Community Based Family Planning Program

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- INTRODUCTION
  1.1 Background to the study
  Family planning is a critical aspect of reproductive health and an essential tool for reducing maternal and child mortality. It enables women and couples to have the number of children they desire, spacing their pregnancies, and improving their overall health and wellbeing. Despite the numerous benefits of family planning, its uptake in Nigeria remains low. According to the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), only 12% of women of reproductive age use modern family planning methods. This low uptake is particularly prevalent in rural communities where access to family planning services is limited. In response to this challenge, community-based family planning programs have been implemented to improve access to family planning services in rural communities.
  Community-based family planning programs involve the provision of family planning services and information to individuals and families within a specific community. These programs are designed to improve access to family planning services in rural communities, where the majority of the population resides. The implementation of community-based family planning programs in Nigeria has been ongoing for several years, with various initiatives launched to increase the uptake of family planning services in rural areas.
  One such initiative is the Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative (NURHI), which was launched in 2009 to address the low uptake of family planning services in urban areas. The initiative focused on increasing awareness and demand for family planning services, improving the quality of family planning services, and ensuring the availability of a range of family planning methods. The initiative was successful in increasing the uptake of family planning services in urban areas, with the prevalence of modern family planning methods increasing from 17% in 2008 to 37% in 2018 (Ahonsi et al., 2018).
  Another initiative is the Nigerian Urban Reproductive Health Initiative 2 (NURHI 2), which was launched in 2014 to expand the success of the NURHI program to rural areas. The initiative focused on strengthening the capacity of health workers, improving the availability and quality of family planning services, and increasing community involvement in family planning programs. The NURHI 2 initiative was successful in increasing the uptake of family planning services in rural areas, with the prevalence of modern family planning methods increasing from 8% in 2013 to 19% in 2018 (Ahonsi et al., 2018).
  A study conducted by Okereke et al. (2021) evaluated the effectiveness of a community-based family planning program in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The program involved the provision of family planning services, community mobilization, and education on the benefits of family planning. The study found that the program was effective in increasing the uptake of family planning services, with the proportion of women of reproductive age using modern family planning methods increasing from 6.8% to 31.6%. The study also found that community mobilization and education were essential in increasing the demand for family planning services.
  However, despite the successes of community-based family planning programs in Nigeria, several challenges hinder their effectiveness. One of the main challenges is the limited availability of family planning services in rural areas. Many rural communities lack access to family planning services, with health facilities being located far from the communities they serve. This lack of access limits the uptake of family planning services and contributes to the high maternal and child mortality rates in Nigeria.
  Another challenge is the inadequate funding of family planning programs. Many family planning programs in Nigeria rely on donor funding, which is often insufficient and not sustainable. The inadequate funding hinders the implementation of comprehensive family planning programs, limiting their effectiveness in improving access to family planning services.
  
  1.2 Statement of the Problem
  Nigeria has one of the highest maternal and child mortality rates in the world. According to the 2018 NDHS, the maternal mortality ratio in Nigeria is 512 deaths per 100,000 live births, and the under-five mortality rate is 132 deaths per 1,000 live births. The low uptake of family planning services in Nigeria is a significant contributor to these alarming statistics. The lack of access to family planning services in rural communities, where the majority of the population resides, is a critical barrier to the uptake of family planning services.
  In response to this challenge, community-based family planning programs have been implemented to improve access to family planning services in rural communities. These programs involve the provision of family planning services and information to individuals and families within a specific community. However, the effectiveness of these programs in achieving their objectives remains unclear. Despite the implementation of community-based family planning programs in Nigeria, the uptake of family planning services remains low, particularly in rural communities. Therefore, the effectiveness of community-based family planning programs in improving the uptake of family planning services in rural communities needs to be evaluated.
  Furthermore, there is a need to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of family planning services among the target population in rural communities. Lack of awareness and knowledge of family planning services is a significant barrier to their uptake, particularly in communities with low literacy rates. Therefore, an assessment of the level of awareness and knowledge of family planning services among the target population in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria, is necessary to inform strategies to improve awareness and knowledge of family planning services.
  Additionally, the implementation of community-based family planning programs may be hindered by various factors such as cultural and religious beliefs, lack of trained healthcare providers, and inadequate funding. Therefore, there is a need to identify the challenges and factors that may hinder the successful implementation of the community-based family planning program in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria.
  
  1.3 Research Objectives
  The main objective if the study is on Effectiveness of the implementation of community Based family planning program in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA Delta State Nigeria.
  The following are the specific objectives:
  1. To assess the level of awareness and knowledge of the community-based family planning program in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria.
  2. To evaluate the effectiveness of the community-based family planning program in increasing the uptake of family planning services among the target population in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria.
  3. To identify the challenges and factors that may hinder the successful implementation of the community-based family planning program in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria.
  
  1.4 Research Questions
  1. What is the level of awareness and knowledge of the community-based family planning program among the target population in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria?
  2. To what extent has the community-based family planning program increased the uptake of family planning services among the target population in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria?
  3. What are the challenges and factors that may hinder the successful implementation of the community-based family planning program in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria?
  
  1.5 Hypothesis:
  1. Null hypothesis (H0): There is no significant relationship between the level of awareness and knowledge of the community-based family planning program and the target population in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria. Alternative hypothesis (H1): There is a significant relationship between the level of awareness and knowledge of the community-based family planning program and the target population in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria.
  2. Null hypothesis (H0): The community-based family planning program has not significantly increased the uptake of family planning services among the target population in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria. Alternative hypothesis (H1): The community-based family planning program has significantly increased the uptake of family planning services among the target population in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria.
  3. Null hypothesis (H0): There are no challenges and factors that may hinder the successful implementation of the community-based family planning program in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria. Alternative hypothesis (H1): There are challenges and factors that may hinder the successful implementation of the community-based family planning program in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria.
  
  1.6 Scope of the Study
  This study will focus on the effectiveness of the implementation of the community-based family planning program in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria. The target population for the study will be women of reproductive age (15-49 years) and key stakeholders involved in the implementation of the program in the selected community. The study will utilize both qualitative and quantitative research methods to collect data from the target population and stakeholders. The data collected will be analyzed using appropriate statistical and qualitative techniques to answer the research questions and achieve the research objectives. The study will provide insights into the effectiveness of community-based family planning programs in increasing the uptake of family planning services in the context of Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria.
  
  1.7 Significance of the study
  The significance of the study on the effectiveness of the implementation of community-based family planning program in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria is as follows:
  1. Improved Awareness: The study will provide insights into the level of awareness and knowledge of the community-based family planning program among the target population in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria. The findings of the study will enable stakeholders to design strategies to improve the awareness and knowledge of family planning services, which will contribute to the reduction of unintended pregnancies and maternal mortality.
  2. Improved Uptake of Family Planning Services: The study will assess the effectiveness of the community-based family planning program in increasing the uptake of family planning services among the target population in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria. The findings of the study will enable stakeholders to identify areas of improvement in the program, such as service delivery, accessibility, and affordability of family planning services, which will contribute to the reduction of maternal and child mortality.
  3. Identification of Challenges and Solutions: The study will identify the challenges and factors that may hinder the successful implementation of the community-based family planning program in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria. The findings of the study will enable stakeholders to design appropriate interventions to address these challenges and improve the implementation of the program, which will contribute to the reduction of maternal and child mortality.
  4. Contribution to Policy Development: The findings of the study will provide valuable information for policymakers and program planners in designing and implementing effective community-based family planning programs in Nigeria. The study will contribute to the development of evidence-based policies and strategies to improve the uptake of family planning services and reduce maternal and child mortality in Nigeria.
  
  1.8 Definition of Terms
  1. Community-Based Family Planning Program: A program that involves the provision of family planning services and information to individuals and families within a specific community. The program may include outreach services, community mobilization, and education on the benefits of family planning.
  2. Effectiveness: The extent to which a program or intervention achieves its intended objectives or goals. In the context of this study, effectiveness refers to the ability of the community-based family planning program to increase the uptake of family planning services and reduce unintended pregnancies and maternal and child mortality.
  3. Uptake: The proportion of the target population that utilizes a particular health service or intervention. In the context of this study, uptake refers to the proportion of women of reproductive age who utilize family planning services within the community-based family planning program.
  4. Maternal Mortality: The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.
  5. Child Mortality: The death of a child before the age of five years. In the context of this study, child mortality refers to the death of children due to preventable causes such as malaria, pneumonia, malnutrition, and diarrheal diseases.

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- ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the community-based family planning program in Boji Boji Owa Ika North East LGA, Delta State, Nigeria. The study utilized the descriptive research method and conducted a survey to explore the research questions. The study found that the target population has some level of awareness of the community-based family planning program, and the program has had a positive impact on the uptake of family planning services. However, challenges such as lack of ... Continue reading---
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CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 1]

CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 1]