Anti-plasmodial Property Of Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract On Swiss Mice

CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This study investigated in-vivo antiplasmodium of Moringa Oleifera seed extract. Related literature review was made considering scholars explanation of the subject matter. Relevant data for the study was generated through laboratory experiments conducted by the researchers. Three hypotheses were postulated and tested for the purpose of the study. The hypotheses were tested in this study using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Test.  All the hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance.
This chapter contains the discussion of findings, conclusion of the study, recommendations for relevant stakeholders and suggestions for further studies.
5.1    Discussion of Findings
This study investigated in-vivo antiplasmodium of Moringa Oleifera seed extract. The findings revealed that extracts from the seed of Moringa Oleifera contain phytochemical components. Benzene-l-ethyl-2, 3-dimethil-P-Cymene O-Cymene has retention rate of 13.869 and percentage area of 2.57. Dodeane has retention rate of 18.504 and percentage area of 3.39, n-Hexadecanoic acid has retention rate of 39.250 and percentage area of 77.95, while 9-Octa decanoic acid-2-hydroxylethyl ester Oleeic anhydride Oleoyl Chloride has retention rate of 44.507 and percentage area of 16.09 respectively. The retention rate of 9-Octa decanoic acid-2-hydroxylethyl ester Oleeic anhydride Oleoyl Chloride was found to be higher than that of other peaks. With respect to percentage area, n-Hexadecanoic acid was higher than others.
The result of this study also revealed that anti-plasmodium activities of moringa olifera seed extract on laboratory animals shows significant effect at different concentration. Significant reduction in parasite density was also observed across the days from day 1 to day 3 for all the concentrations except for positive control that showed increase with days. The same level of reduction was noticed at 60% concentration, 80% concentration, 100% concentration and negative control (the group that was given Chloroquine). However, increase in parasite density was noticed in positive control (group that received distilled water). By implication, extracts from the seed of Moringa Oleifera contain anti-plasmodium components that can be used in the treatment of malaria like the way Chloroquine is being used. This result supported the earlier work of Mitchel (2002) who reported miring to effective in the treatment of malaria.
On the final note, the result of this research work revealed a significant difference in parasitaemia inhibition at different concentration among olifera seed extrat administration. Negative control recorded 100% inhibition, 100% concentration recorded 70% inhibition, both 60% and 80% concentration recorded 67% inhibition, 40% concentration recorded 56% inhibition, while positive control has no record of parasitaemia inhibition. This result is in line with Kang et al. (2004) who found that high concentration of oleifera extract was effective for the treatment of malaria.
5.2 Conclusion
This study investigated in-vivo antiplasmodium of Moringa Oleifera seed extract. Therefore based on the findings from this study, it was concluded that;
1.    Extracts from the seed of Moringa Oleifera contain phytochemical components.
2.    The anti-plasmodium activities of moringa oleifera seed extract on laboratory animals shows significant effect at different concentration.
3.    There is significant difference in parasitaemia inhibition at different concentration among oleifera seed extract administration.
5.3 Recommendation
Based on the results of data study and tested hypotheses, it is hereby recommended that:
1.    There should be awareness campaign on the effectiveness of Oleifera extract in the treatment of malaria.
2.    Pharmaceutical companies should device means of making malaria drugs with extracts from moringa.
3.    There should be research grants for medical relate students so as to enhance the discovery of ideas that could assist in medical practices.
5.4 Suggestions for Further Studies
This study investigated in-vivo antiplasmodium of Moringa Oleifera seed extract. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher recommends;
1.     That the topic of this study should be replicated to cover more sample/ specimen in the state, Geopolitical zones and the nation (Nigeria) at large.
2.    Antioxidant and anticancer activities of Moringa Oleifera leaves
3.    Some physio-chemical properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil extracted using solvent and aqueous methods