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Sub-chronic Effect Of Co-administration Of Methformine And Amilodipine On Some Haematological Indices In Experimental Animal
[A CASE STUDY OF WISTAR RATS]
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1.3 Justification
There are no local studies on the hematotoxicity of potential drug-drug interactions among patients receiving both hypoglycemic and antihypertensives drug and thus the need to carry out the study. Many hypothesis and theory have been postulated by researchers that long term usage of metformin have the ability to induce Vitamin B12 deficiency as well as some institutions having the complain that metformin drug despite it’s world-wide acceptability as anti-diabetic drug causes haemolytic anaemia. This led to the need to bridge the knowledge gap by carry out the study. Also, hypothesis have been postulated that long term usage of anti-hypertensive drugs causes a decrease in haemoglobin in which the mechanism is not known yet. This led to the need to bridge the knowledge gap by carry out the study. The findings of this study will create awareness to the clinicians and pharmacists on the need for a better dosage or a better drug so as to prevent hematotoxicity effect of drug-drug interactions in the case of diabetics with concomitant hypertension.
1.4 Aim
This study aims at investigating the combine effect of Metformin and Amilodipine on haematological experimental animal (Wistar Rats)
1.5 Research objectives
1. To assess the MCV level of experimental animal and that of control group after combined administration with amilodipine and metformin.
2. To investigate the MCH level of experimental animal and that of control group after combined administration with amilodipine and metformin.
3. To determine the MCHC level of experimental animal and that of control group after combined administration with amilodipine and metformin.
1.6 Research hypothesis (Null)
(a) There is no significant difference in the level of MCV level after co-administration of amilodipine and metformin.
(b) There is no significant difference in the level of MCH level after co-administration of amilodipine and metformin.
(c) There is no significant difference in the level of MCHC level after co-administration of amilodipine and metformin.
1.7 Significance of research
Findings from this study will help policy makers to determine if long term exposure to Amilodipine and Metformin causes anaemia thus thus creating awareness of the drug usage to prevent hematoxicity (another form of complication to diabetic-hypertensive situation). Also the findings from the effect of Metformin and Amilodipine on experimental animal (Wistar Rat) will further generate need to examine the other complications that arise from the combined drug usage.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTMetformin, which belongs to the biguanide class, is one of the most generally used oral hypoglycemic agents. It has been used for more than 50 years and was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1994 (American Diabetes Association, 2009) whereas Amlodipine is a long acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, which is used in the treatment of angina to lower the BP (Blood pressure). the aim is to know the effect of co-administration of this two drugs in Wistar rats ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIXAPPENDIX 1: MATERIAL USED1% Ammonium oxalate10% Formalin salineAbsorbent paperAutomatic pipetteBrilliant cresyl blueCounting chamber Cyanmethaemoglobin standardDrabkin’s ReagentEDTA sample containerHematoxylin and Eosin stainKhan tubes/rackLeisfhmann stainLight microscopeMicrohaematocrit centrifugeNormal salinePasteur pipettePipette tipsRotary microtomeSpectrophotometerTimer Turk’s solution Universal sample bottle ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX B - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIX IITable 1: haematological parameters in control, Metformine treated and Amilodipine treated Rats (Values are expressed as mean ± Standard error of means) Group A(1): control (untreated), Group B(2): co-administration of Metformin 0.00264/ml/132g and Amlodipine 0.000849/ml/132g at a single dose for 30 daysPARAMETERS GROUP A GROUP BPacked cell volume (%) 44.16±2.83 38.47±3.53Red blood cell count (x1012/L) 7 ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable 1: Haematological parameters in control, Co-administration of Metformin and Amlodipine treated ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: Shows mechanism of action of metformin Figure 2: Shows Pie chat representation of Packed cell volume of control, Co-administration of metformin and amlodipine treated Wistar Rats Figure 3: Shows Histogram representation of Hemoglobin and red blood cell count of control, Co-administration of metformin and amlodipine treated Wistar Rats Figure 4: Shows Histogram representation of red cell indicies of control, Co-administration of metformin and amlodipine t ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTTitle page Declaration Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Table of content List of table List of figures Abstract CHAPTER ONE1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of study 1.2 Statement of Problems 1.3 Justifications 1.4 Aims 1.5 Research Objectives 1.6 Research Hypothesis 1.7 Significance of research CHAPTER TWO2.0 Literature review 2.1 Metformin 2.1.1 ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 12 ]The current use of serum Vitamin B12 level relies on several different range points for Vitamin B12 status. Serum Vitamin B12 level under 148 pmol/L are said to be deficient, low/borderline levels are interpreted from levels between 148-220 pmol/L (Mazokopakis and Starakis, 2012). Normal ranges of Vitamin B12 serum range from 220- 800 pmol/L, levels that exceed this are rarely suspicious in cause, although excessive B12 serum may be a marker of myloproliferative disorders (Pernicova and Korbonit ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]From the above table,Km of rats= 6 Km of human= 37For Amlodipine, Human dose= 10mg/70kg 1kg=10/70 =0.14mg/kgAED of Amilodipine= 0.14×(6/37) =0.02mg/kgAverage weight of experimental Animal is 132g(0.132kg)If 0.02mg of Amlodipine is administered per kg.bw,(0.02×0.132)mg of Amlodipine was administered to ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.0 Results4.1 Hematological parameter in control and test groups As summarized in table 1, the mean RBC counts were 7.62 ± 2.83 x1012/L for the control and 6.53 ± 0.57 x1012/L for co-administration of metformin and amlodipine fed groups respectively. Although, decrease in RBC counts was observed in the treated (co-administration of metformin and amlodipine) dose group, these were statistically significant compared to control groups (student t test P0.05) higher in the tr ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 DiscussionMetformin (1,1-dimethylbiguanide) is the most widely used drug to treat type 2 diabetes, and is one of only two oral anti-diabetic drugs on the World Health Organization (WHO) list of essential medicines (American Diabetes Association, 2009). Amlodipine is a long acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, which is used in the treatment of angina to lower the BP. Co-administration of Metformin and Amlodipine have been discovered to lead to vitamin B12 deficiency. Al ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Senol, M.G., Sonmez, G., Ozdag, F. and Saracoglu, M. (2008). Reversible myelopathy with vitamin B12 deficiency. Singapore Medical Journal. 49(11): 330-332.Srinivasan, S., Ambler, G.R., Baur, L.A., Garnett, S.P. and Tepsa, M. (2006). Randomized, controlled trial of metformin for obesity and insulin resistance in children and adolescents: improvement in body composition and fasting insulin. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 91: 2074-2080. Sterne, J. (1957). Du nouveau dans les anti ... Continue reading---
