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Antimicrobial Efficacy Of Commonly Used Disinfectants Against Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus
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1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDYINTRODUCTIONDisinfectants are chemical agents used to kill microorganism on the surface or in order to eliminate them from the environment (Melike et al, 2016).Ever since the identification of microorganism as the causative agents of infectious diseases, various methods have been devised in reducing the population and prevalence of these organisms. The various methods embarked upon include, chemotherapy, immunization, sterilization and disinfection (Kim et al, 2007).Disinfectants are used extensively in hospitals and other health care settings for a variety of topical and hard surface applications (Olowe et al., 2004). Chemical agents used in disinfection are referred to as disinfectants and the three main types of disinfection available are cleaning, heating and disinfection with chemical agents (Geo et al., 2004). Disinfectants take time to act, they are greatly inactivated by excess organic matter and show higher activity at adequate concentrations (Olowe et al., 2004). Disinfectants are an essential part of infection control practices and aid in the prevention of nosocomial infections (Olasehinde et al., 2008).Disinfectants are toxic not only for microbial pathogens but for host cells as well and because of this they can only be used to inactivate microorganism in the inanimate environment (Brooks et al., 2004).There are four classes of disinfectants. They include:a. Sterilants: are required for critical instruments that penetrate tissue or present a high risk if non- sterile, for e.g. implants, needles and other surgical instruments. E.g. heat, steam, higher concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and paracetic acid, glutaraldehyde.b. High level disinfectants: are required for semi- control items that do not penetrate tissues or contact mucous membranes (except dental) such as endoscopes, respiratory therapy equipment and diaphragms. Examples; hydrogen peroxide , glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, ortho-phthaladehyde, paracetic acid.c. Intermediate level disinfectants: are required for non-critical items that touch intact skin [e.g thermoters and hydrotherapy tanks] examples; alcohols, hypochlorite, iodine and iodophor disinfectants.d. Low level disinfectants: are required for non-critical items such as stethoscopes, bedpans, blood pressure cuffs and bedside tables. Examples; phenolic, quaternary ammonium compounds.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMThe current increase in the prevalence of nosocomial infections within the hospital environment despite adequate cleaning and disinfection is due to ineffectiveness of the various disinfectant formulations used in infection control and development of resistance to the various chemical disinfectant formulations being used in the hospitals by various micro-organisms1.3 AIM OF STUDYTo determine the antimicrobial activity of disinfectants used in hospitals against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.1.4 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES- To determine the disinfectants used in hospitals.- To determine the antimicrobial activities of the disinfectants used in the hospitals against the test organisms.- To determine the Minimum inhibitory concentration of those disinfectants.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The antimicrobial effectiveness of two selected disinfectants (Izal and Jik) was determined using agar diffusion method. The test organisms used (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) were obtained from Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu. The disinfectants were diluted to 100%, 50%, 25%, 62.5%, 12.5% concentrations. The diluted concentrations showed different zones of inhibition against the test organisms. At 100% concentration Izal completely cleared both Escherichia coli and ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]1: Lists of disinfectants and their uses in hospitals2: Antimicrobial activities of the disinfectants against the test organisms at 100% concentration 3: Antimicrobial activities of the disinfectants against the test organisms at 50% concentration4: Antimicrobial activities of the disinfectants against the test organisms at 25% concentration5: Antimicrobial activities of the disinfectants against the test organisms at 12.5% concentration6: Antimicrobial activities of the disinfec ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTTitle page Approval pageDedicationAcknowledgmentsTable of contents List of tablesAbstractCHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION1.1 Background of study 1.2 Statement of Problem 1.3 Aim of study1.4 Specific objectivesCHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW2.0 Literature Review2.1 Nosocomial infections2.1.1 Impact of Nosocomial infection2.1.2 Implications of Nosocomial Infections2.2 Studies on antimicrobial activities of disinfectants against Nosocomial Infection2.3 Escherichia coli2.3.1 Scientific C ... Continue reading---
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The antimicrobial effectiveness of two selected disinfectants (Izal and Jik) was determined using agar diffusion method. The test organisms used (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) were obtained from Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu. The disinfectants were diluted to 100%, 50%, 25%, 62.5%, 12.5% concentrations. The diluted concentrations showed different zones of inhibition against the test organisms. At 100% concentration Izal completely cleared both Escherichia coli and ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 1]
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CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 1]
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