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Comparative Study Of Antibacterial Activity Of Two Selected Medicated Soap And One Local Black Soap On Staphylococcus Aureus From Wound Infection
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Catalase Test
In
some micro-organism, the transfer of hydrogen to oxygen in respiration
results in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H202) which is toxic to
the cell. Most aerobic organisms produce an enzyme catalase, that is
capable of oxidizing the H202 , bubbles of oxygen will appears if the
cells are in the colony. This test is used in the laboratory to
distinguish between staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermictis
and staphylococcus saprophyticas.
Coagulase Test
There is some
difficulty in determining virulence among staphylococcal strains. The
primary laboratory criterion for virulence is the “coagulase testâ€.
Strains that clots plasma are termed coagulase positive which is
tantamount to saying that they are virulent while strains that do not
clot plasma are termed coagulase negative.
Indole Test
Breakdown
of amino acid tryptophan by bacteria leads to the accumulation of
indole. Indole can be detected in the birth culture by the addition of a
colour reagent – korac’s solution. A positive test is the appearance of
a red ring in the brota.
Quality Control of Topical Pharmaceutical Products
Topical (non-sterile) pharmaceutical products for application to the skin should have the following control:
Number
of micro-organisms is to be limited to not more than organisms, per ml
or per gram of the preparation of these organisms, none should be
staphylococcus, enterobacteria … or psendomanas.
For fungi, not more
than 102 moulds per gram or per ml. however, for certain preparation
especially those whose raw materials are derived from a natural source,
the presence of a few enterbacteriaccae may be tolerable, this number
should however, not to be more than entities per gram.
In all such cases, it is essential to specify the absence of Eseherichia coli and salmonella typi.
The lowest possible number and least pathonenic nature of micro-organism can be ensured in a finished product by:
1.Quality Control
This refers to that area of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) which ensures thatâ€
(a)At each stage of manufacture, the necessary tests were conducted
(b)The product is not released for marketing until it has passed the appropriate tests.
2.Quality Assurance
This
refers to the sum total of the process involved in making sure that the
final product is of the quality and intended for use by the consumers
3.Good manufacturing practice (GMP)
This
is an area of quality assurance which is aimed at ensuring that a
product is consistently manufactured to a quality appropriate for its
intended use.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
i.Isolation of possible microbial contamination and contaminants in selected creams.
ii.Determination of the number of contaminants per gram and/or per ml
iii.Identification of these microbial contaminants to see if they conform to standard.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Cosmetic(creams) need not be sterile,however they must not be unduly contaminated with micro-organism and should remain in a stable state throughout the shelf life of the product (or when be used by the consumer).the aim of this project was to determine the microbial load in selected creams and to identify the specific contaminants.For the determination of the number of contaminants, 1 mL of each cream was diluted to a factor of 104,1mL of this dilution was mixed with cool nutrient agar and macC ... Continue reading---
